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Highly Conductive P-Type MAPbI₃ Films and Crystals via Sodium Doping.

ABSTRACT: To regulate the optical and electrical properties of the crystals and films of the intrinsic methylammonium lead iodide (CH₃NH₃PbI₃), we dope them with sodium (Na) by selecting sodium iodide (NaI) as a dopant source. The highly conductive p-type sodium-doped CH₃NH₃PbI₃ (MAPbI₃: Na) perovskite single crystals and thin films are successfully grown using the inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) method and antisolvent spin-coating (ASC) method, respectively. With the increase of Na⁺ doping concentration, the grain size of the film increases, the surface becomes smoother, and the crystallinity improves. Hall effect results demonstrate that both the MAPbI₃: Na thin films and single crystals change their quasi-insulating intrinsic conductivity to a highly conductive p-type conductivity. The room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) peaks of doped MAPbI₃ films slightly blue shift, while the photocarriers' lifetime becomes longer. The optical fingerprints of the doped levels in MAPbI₃: Na perovskites can be identified by temperature-dependent PL. Obvious fingerprints of Na-related acceptor (A⁰X) levels in the doped MAPbI₃: Na were observed at 10 K. These results suggest that sodium doping is an effective way to grow highly conductive p-type MAPbI₃ perovskites.

SUBMITTER: Li Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7575732 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Highly Conductive P-Type MAPbI3 Films and Crystals via Sodium Doping.

Li Yujiao Y Li Chen C Yu Huanqin H Yuan Beilei B Xu Fan F Wei Haoming H Cao Bingqiang B

Frontiers in chemistry 20201007

To regulate the optical and electrical properties of the crystals and films of the intrinsic methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3), we dope them with sodium (Na) by selecting sodium iodide (NaI) as a dopant source. The highly conductive p-type sodium-doped CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3: Na) perovskite single crystals and thin films are successfully grown using the inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) method and antisolvent ...[more]

PMID: 33134252

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Project description:Fabricating highly crystalline macroscopic films with extraordinary electrical and thermal conductivities from graphene sheets is essential for applications in electronics, telecommunications and thermal management. High-temperature graphitization is the only method known to date for the crystallization of all types of carbon materials, where defects are gradually removed with increasing temperature. However, when using graphene materials as precursors, including graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and pristine graphene, even lengthy graphitization at 3000°C can only produce graphene films with small grain sizes and abundant structural disorders, which limit their conductivities. Here, we show that high-temperature defects substantially accelerate the grain growth and ordering of graphene films during graphitization, enabling ideal AB stacking as well as a 100-fold, 64-fold and 28-fold improvement in grain size, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, respectively, between 2000°C and 3000°C. This process is realized by nitrogen doping, which retards the lattice restoration of defective graphene, retaining abundant defects such as vacancies, dislocations and grain boundaries in graphene films at a high temperature. With this approach, a highly ordered crystalline graphene film similar to highly oriented pyrolytic graphite is fabricated, with electrical and thermal conductivities (∼2.0 × 104 S cm-1; ∼1.7 × 103 W m-1 K-1) that are improved by about 6- and 2-fold, respectively, compared to those of the graphene films fabricated by graphene oxide. Such graphene film also exhibits a superhigh electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of ∼90 dB at a thickness of 10 μm, outperforming all the synthetic materials of comparable thickness including MXene films. This work not only paves the way for the technological application of highly conductive graphene films but also provides a general strategy to efficiently improve the synthesis and properties of other carbon materials such as graphene fibers, carbon nanotube fibers, carbon fibers, polymer-derived graphite and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.

Dataset Information

Highly Conductive P-Type MAPbI₃ Films and Crystals via Sodium Doping.

Publications

Highly Conductive P-Type MAPbI<sub>3</sub> Films and Crystals via Sodium Doping.

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