Dataset Information

Role of the Alarmin S100A9 protein in inducing Achilles tendinopathy in rats.

ABSTRACT:

Background

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the Alarmin S100A9 protein and Achilles tendinopathy (AT), and to reveal the role of this protein in inducing AT.

Methods

In this study, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (received no treatment), Injury group (Achilles tendon tissues were cut intraoperatively), S100A9 group (received a subcutaneous injection of rhS100A9 solution), and S100A9 + Paquinimod group [received a subcutaneous injection of rhS100A9 and Paquinimod (1:1 ratio) into the Achilles tendon]. At 1 week postoperatively, the four groups of rats were euthanized, and the Achilles tendon tissues were isolated for histological staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence, Sirius Red (SR) staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay.

Results

Compared with both the Control and S100A9 + Paquinimod groups, the Injury and S100A9 groups exhibited higher expression levels of S100A9 protein, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and inflammatory factors. Regarding histomorphology [hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Safranin O/fast green (SOFG; fast green and Safranin) training], the Achilles tendon tissues in the Injury and S100A9 groups showed AT-like changes, and the fibers were extremely disorderly, non-bundled, and ruptured, and some nuclei were spindles. As for collagen (Col) remodeling, a large number of fresh collagen fibers had formed, the amounts of Col-I and Col-II were lower, and a large quantity of Col-III was present. Additionally, a large number of tendon cells had died in both the Injury and S100A9 groups.

Conclusions

This study showed that Alarmin S100A9 can induce AT-like morphological changes and local inflammatory reactions, trigger collagen fiber remodeling and tendon cell apoptosis, and ultimately induce AT.

SUBMITTER: Zhao BA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8667095 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Role of the Alarmin S100A9 protein in inducing Achilles tendinopathy in rats.

Zhao Bin-An BA Li Jun J Xue Chao C Li Jie J Ge Heng-An HA Cheng Biao B Su Qi-Hang QH

Annals of translational medicine 20211101 22

<h4>Background</h4>This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the Alarmin S100A9 protein and Achilles tendinopathy (AT), and to reveal the role of this protein in inducing AT.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (received no treatment), Injury group (Achilles tendon tissues were cut intraoperatively), S100A9 group (received a subcutaneous injection of rhS100A9 solution), and S100A9 + Paquinimod group [receiv ...[more]

PMID: 34988207

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Project description:ObjectivesUltrasound often corroborates clinical diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy (AT). Traditional measures assess macromorphological features or use qualitative grading scales, primarily focused within the free tendon. Shear wave imaging can non-invasively quantify tendon elasticity, yet it is unknown if proximal structures are affected by tendon pathology. The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of both traditional sonographic measures and regional shear wave speed (SWS) between limbs in patients with AT.MethodsTwenty patients with chronic AT were recruited. Traditional sonographic measures of tendon structure were measured. Regional SWS was collected in a resting ankle position along the entire length of the tendon bilaterally. SWS measures were extracted and interpolated across evenly distributed points corresponding to the free tendon (FT), soleus aponeurosis (SA), and gastrocnemius aponeurosis (GA). Comparisons were made between limbs in both traditional sonographic measures and regional SWS.ResultsSymptomatic tendons were thicker (10.2 (1.9) vs. 6.8 (1.8) mm; p < 0.001) and had more hyperemia (p = 0.001) and hypoechogenicity (p = 0.002) than the contralateral tendon. Regional SWS in the FT was lower in the symptomatic limb compared to the contralateral limb (11.53 [10.99, 12.07] vs. 10.97 [10.43, 11.51]; p = 0.03). No differences between limbs were found for the SA (p = 0.13) or GA (p = 0.99).ConclusionsLower SWS was only observed in the FT in AT patients, indicating that alterations in tendon elasticity associated with AT were localized to the FT and did not involve the proximal passive tendon structures.Key points• Baseline characteristics of a pilot sample of 20 subjects suffering from chronic Achilles tendinopathy showed differences in conventional sonographic measures of tendon thickness, qualitatively assessed hypoechogenicity, hyperemia, and quantitative measures of shear wave speed. • Regional shear wave speeds were lower in the free tendon but not in the proximal regions of the soleus or gastrocnemius aponeuroses in Achilles tendinopathy patients. • Using shear wave imaging to estimate tendon stiffness may prove beneficial for clinical validation studies to address important topics such as return to activity and the effectiveness of rehabilitation protocols.

Project description:BackgroundAchilles tendinopathy describes the clinical presentation of pain localised to the Achilles tendon and associated loss of function with tendon loading activities. However, clinicians display differing approaches to the diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy due to inconsistency in the clinical terminology, an evolving understanding of the pathophysiology, and the lack of consensus on clinical tests which could be considered the gold standard for diagnosing Achilles tendinopathy. The primary aim of this scoping review is to provide a method for clinically diagnosing Achilles tendinopathy that aligns with the nine core health domains.MethodologyA scoping review was conducted to synthesise available evidence on the clinical diagnosis and clinical outcome measures of Achilles tendinopathy. Extracted data included author, year of publication, participant characteristics, methods for diagnosing Achilles tendinopathy and outcome measures.ResultsA total of 159 articles were included in this scoping review. The most commonly used subjective measure was self-reported location of pain, while additional measures included pain with tendon loading activity, duration of symptoms and tendon stiffness. The most commonly identified objective clinical test for Achilles tendinopathy was tendon palpation (including pain on palpation, localised tendon thickening or localised swelling). Further objective tests used to assess Achilles tendinopathy included tendon pain during loading activities (single-leg heel raises and hopping) and the Royal London Hospital Test and the Painful Arc Sign. The VISA-A questionnaire as the most commonly used outcome measure to monitor Achilles tendinopathy. However, psychological factors (PES, TKS and PCS) and overall quality of life (SF-12, SF-36 and EQ-5D-5L) were less frequently measured.ConclusionsThere is significant variation in the methodology and outcome measures used to diagnose Achilles tendinopathy. A method for diagnosing Achilles tendinopathy is proposed, that includes both results from the scoping review and recent recommendations for reporting results in tendinopathy.

Dataset Information

Role of the Alarmin S100A9 protein in inducing Achilles tendinopathy in rats.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Role of the Alarmin S100A9 protein in inducing Achilles tendinopathy in rats.

Similar Datasets

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