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No evidence for increased cell entry or antibody evasion by Delta sublineage AY.4.2.

ABSTRACT: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged. While some variants spread only locally, others, referred to as variants of concern, disseminated globally and became drivers of the pandemic. All SARS-CoV-2 variants harbor mutations relative to the virus circulating early in the pandemic, and mutations in the viral spike (S) protein are considered of particular relevance since the S protein mediates host cell entry and constitutes the key target of the neutralizing antibody response. As a consequence, mutations in the S protein may increase SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and enable its evasion of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, mutations in the S protein can modulate viral transmissibility and pathogenicity.

SUBMITTER: Arora P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8727238 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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No evidence for increased cell entry or antibody evasion by Delta sublineage AY.4.2.

Arora Prerna P Kempf Amy A Nehlmeier Inga I Graichen Luise L Winkler Martin S MS Lier Martin M Schulz Sebastian S Jäck Hans-Martin HM Pöhlmann Stefan S Hoffmann Markus M

Cellular & molecular immunology 20220105 3

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged. While some variants spread only locally, others, referred to as variants of concern, disseminated globally and became drivers of the pandemic. All SARS-CoV-2 variants harbor mutations relative to the virus circulating early in the pandemic, and mutations in the viral spike (S) protein are considered of particular relevance since the S protein mediates host cell entry and constitutes the key target of the neu ...[more]

PMID: 34983951

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Project description:BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that patients with immunosuppression tend to have longer-lasting SARS-CoV-2 infections and a number of mutations were observed during the infection period. However, these studies were, in general, conducted longitudinally. Mutation evolution among groups of patients with immunosuppression have not been well studied, especially among Asian populations.MethodsOur study targeted a nosocomial cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Japanese medical center during Delta surge (AY.29 sublineage), involving ward nurses and inpatients. Whole-genome sequencing analyses were performed to examine mutation changes. Haplotype and minor variant analyses were furtherly performed to detect the mutations on the viral genomes in detail. In addition, sequences of the first wild-type strain hCoV-19/Wuhan/WIV04/2019 and AY.29 wild-type strain hCoV-19/Japan/TKYK15779/2021 were used as references to assess the phylogenetical development of this cluster.ResultsA total of 6 nurses and 14 inpatients were identified as a nosocomial cluster from September 14 through 28, 2021. All were Delta variant (AY.29 sublineage) positive. 92.9% of infected patients (13 out of 14) were either cancer patients and/or receiving immunosuppressive or steroid treatments. Compared to AY.29 wild type, a total of 12 mutations were found in the 20 cases. Haplotype analysis found one index group of eight cases with F274F (N) mutation and 10 other haplotypes with one to three additional mutations. Furthermore, we found that cases with more than three minor variants were all cancer patients under immunosuppressive treatments. The phylogenetical tree analysis, including 20 nosocomial cluster-associated viral genomes, the first wild-type strain and the AY.29 wild-type strain as references, indicated the mutation development of the AY.29 virus in this cluster.ConclusionOur study of a nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 cluster highlights mutation acquisition during transmission. More importantly, it provided new evidence emphasizing the need to further improve infection control measures to prevent nosocomial infection among immunosuppressed patients.

Dataset Information

No evidence for increased cell entry or antibody evasion by Delta sublineage AY.4.2.

Publications

No evidence for increased cell entry or antibody evasion by Delta sublineage AY.4.2.

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