Dataset Information

Antiemetic prophylaxis for chemoradiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective phase II trial.

ABSTRACT:

Background

There is sparse research reporting effective interventions for preventing nausea and emesis caused by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC).

Methods

Treatment-naïve LA-HNSCC patients received intensity-modulated radiotherapy with concomitant cisplatin 100 mg/m² (33 mg/m²/days [d]1-3) every 3 weeks for two cycles. All patients were given oral aprepitant 125 mg once on d1, then 80 mg once on d2-5; ondansetron 8 mg once on d1; and dexamethasone 12 mg once on d1, then 8 mg on d2-5. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR). Pursuant to δ = 0.2 and α = 0.05, the expected CR rate was 80%.

Results

A total of 43 patients with LA-HNSCC were enrolled. The median age was 53 years, and 86.0% were male. All patients received radiotherapy and 86.0% of patients completed both cycles as planned. The overall CR rate was 86.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72.1-94.7). The CR rates for cycles 1 and 2 were 88.4% (95% CI: 74.9-96.1) and 89.2% (95% CI: 74.6-97.0). The complete protection rate in the overall phase was 72.1% (95% CI: 56.3-84.7). The emesis-free and nausea-free responses in the overall phase were 88.4% (95% CI: 74.9-96.1) and 60.5% (95% CI: 44.4-75.0), respectively. The adverse events related to antiemetics were constipation (65.1%) and hiccups (16.3%), but both were grade 1-2. There was no grade 4 or 5 treatment-related toxicity with antiemetic usage.

Conclusion

The addition of aprepitant into ondansetron and dexamethasone provided effective protection from nausea and emesis in patients with LA-HNSCC receiving radiotherapy and concomitant high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy.

SUBMITTER: Wang Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9149669 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Antiemetic prophylaxis for chemoradiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective phase II trial.

Wang Zekun Z Liu Wenyang W Zhang Jianghu J Chen Xuesong X Wang Jingbo J Wang Kai K Qu Yuan Y Huang Xiaodong X Luo Jingwei J Xiao Jianping J Xu Guozhen G Gao Li L Yi Junlin J Zhang Ye Y

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] 20220530 10

<h4>Background</h4>There is sparse research reporting effective interventions for preventing nausea and emesis caused by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC).<h4>Methods</h4>Treatment-naïve LA-HNSCC patients received intensity-modulated radiotherapy with concomitant cisplatin 100 mg/m<sup>2</sup> (33 mg/m<sup>2</sup>/days [d]1-3) every 3 weeks for two cycles. All patients were given oral aprepitant 125 mg once on d1, then 80 mg ...[more]

PMID: 35635557

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Project description:Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) including three cycles of cisplatin is considered the standard of care for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC). However, around one-third of the patients cannot complete cisplatin because of toxicity. Carboplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (carbo-5FU) is another accepted treatment option with a different toxicity profile. We compared tolerability and efficacy of concomitant carbo-5FU and cisplatin. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of LA-HNSCC patients treated with CRT in two Dutch cancer centers between 2007 and 2016. All patients received intensity-modulated radiotherapy. One center routinely administered carboplatin 300-350 mg/m2 at day 1, 22, and 43 followed by 5FU 600 mg/m2/day for 96 h. The other center used cisplatin 100 mg/m2 at day 1, 22, and 43. The primary endpoint of this study was chemotherapy completion rate. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), locoregional control (LRC) and distant metastasis-free interval (DMFS), toxicity, and unplanned admissions. Results: In the carbo-5FU cohort (n = 211), 60.2% of the patients completed chemotherapy vs. 76.7% (p < 0.001) of the patients in the cisplatin cohort (n = 223). Univariate analysis showed a higher risk of death in the carbo-5FU cohort [hazard ratio (HR) 1.53, 95% CI, 1.09-2.14, p = 0.01] with a 3-year OS of 65.4 vs. 76.5% for cisplatin. OS was independently associated with T and N stage and p16 status, but not with chemotherapy regimen (HR 1.08, 95% CI, 0.76-1.55, p = 0.65). Three-year DFS was 70.0% for carbo-5FU vs. 78.6% for cisplatin (HR 1.37, 95% CI, 0.93-2.01, p = 0.05). A similar outcome was observed for both LRC (HR 1.27, 95% CI, 0.74-2.09, p = 0.4) and DMFS (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.62-1.90, p = 0.77). The risk of discontinuation for chemotherapy-associated toxicity was higher in the carbo-5FU cohort than in the cisplatin cohort (relative risk = 1.69). Conclusion: LA-HNSCC patients treated with concomitant carbo-5FU completed chemotherapy less frequently than patients treated with cisplatin. Treatment regimen was not an independent prognostic factor for OS.

Project description:PurposePembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks interaction between programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2). Although pembrolizumab is approved for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), its role in the management of locally advanced (LA) disease is not defined. We report a phase IB study evaluating the safety and efficacy of adding pembrolizumab to cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy in patients with LA HNSCC.Patients and methodsEligible patients included those with oral cavity (excluding lip), oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, or laryngeal stage III to IVB HNSCC (according to American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition, staging system) eligible for cisplatin-based, standard-dose (70 Gy) chemoradiotherapy. Pembrolizumab was administered concurrently with and after chemoradiotherapy with weekly cisplatin. Safety was the primary end point and was determined by incidence of chemoradiotherapy adverse events (AEs) and immune-related AEs (irAEs). Efficacy was defined as complete response (CR) rate on end-of-treatment (EOT) imaging or with pathologic confirmation at 100 days postradiotherapy completion. Key secondary end points included overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).ResultsThe study accrued 59 patients (human papillomavirus [HPV] positive, n = 34; HPV negative, n = 25) from November 2015 to October 2018. Five patients (8.8%) required discontinuation of pembrolizumab because of irAEs, all of which occurred during concurrent chemoradiotherapy; 98.3% of patients completed the full planned treatment dose (70 Gy) of radiotherapy without any delays ≥ 5 days; 88.1% of patients completed the goal cisplatin dose of ≥ 200 mg/m2. EOT CR rates were 85.3% and 78.3% for those with HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC, respectively.ConclusionPembrolizumab in combination with weekly cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy is safe and does not impair delivery of curative radiotherapy or chemotherapy in HNSCC. Early efficacy data support further investigation of this approach.

Project description:Background: Cancer cachexia is highly prevalent in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC), and compromises treatment tolerance and overall survival (OS). NSCLC and LAHNSCC patients share similar risk factors, and receive comparable anti-cancer treatment regimens. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and handgrip strength (HGS) (baseline and early changes during therapy) on OS in NSCLC and LAHNSCC patients treated with platinum-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or cetuximab-based bioradiotherapy (BRT). To elucidate potential underlying determinants of early changes in body composition and HGS, specific (fat and fat free) mass loss patterns of squamous NSCLC (sNSCLC) were compared to human papilloma virus negative (HPV-) LAHNSCC patients treated with CRT. Methods: Between 2013 and 2016, BIA and HGS were performed at baseline and after 3 weeks of CRT/BRT in LAHNSCC and NSCLC patients treated with curative intent. Results: Two hundred thirty-three patients were included for baseline measurements. Fat free mass index (FFMI) and HGS<10th percentile of reference values at baseline were both prognostic for poor OS in NSCLC and LAHNSCC [HR 1.64 [95%CI 1.13-2.39], p = 0.01 and HR 2.30 [95%CI 1.33-3.97], p = 0.003, respectively], independent of Charlson Comorbidity Index, cancer site, and gross tumor volume. Early fat mass (FM) loss during CRT was predictive for poor OS in sNSCLC (n = 64) [HR 3.80 [95%CI 1.79-8.06] p ≤ 0.001] but not in HPV- LAHNSCC (n = 61). In patients with significant weight loss (>2%) in the first 3 weeks of CRT (sNSCLC n = 24, HPV- LAHNSCC n = 23), the FM change was -1.4 ± 14.5% and -8.7 ± 9.0% in sNSCLC and HPV- LAHNSCC patients, respectively (p < 0.05). Fat fee mass change was -5.6 ± 6.3% and -4.0 ± 4.3% for sNSCLC and HPV- LAHNSCC, respectively (p = 0.31). Conclusion: FFMI and HGS<10th percentile at baseline are independent prognostic factors for poor OS in NSCLC and LAHNSCC patients treated with CRT/BRT. The specific composition of mass loss during first 3 weeks of CRT significantly differs between sNSCLC and HPV- LAHNSCC patients. Early FM loss was prognostic in sNSCLC only.

Dataset Information

Antiemetic prophylaxis for chemoradiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective phase II trial.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Antiemetic prophylaxis for chemoradiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective phase II trial.

Similar Datasets

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