Genetics of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus - The Indian Perspective.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Madhu SV
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9302408 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar-Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Genetics of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus - The Indian Perspective.
Madhu S V SV Raizada Nishant N
Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism 20220301 2
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Project description:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious and most frequent health complication during pregnancy which is associated with a significant increase in the risk of maternal and neonatal outcomes. GDM is usually the result of β-cell dysfunction along with chronic insulin resistance during pregnancy. Seshiah et al. pioneer work led to the adoption of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group in India criteria as the norm to diagnose GDM, especially in the community setting. In 2014, the Maternal Health Division of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, updated guidelines and stressed upon the proper use of guidelines such as using a glucometer for self-monitoring and the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents. The 2018 Government of India guidelines stress the importance of counselling about lifestyle modifications, weight control, exercise, and family planning.
| S-EPMC10723610 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite years of investigation, very little is known about the genetic predisposition for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the advent of genome-wide association and identification of loci contributing to susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus has opened a small window into the genetics of GDM. More importantly, the study of the genetics of GDM has not only illuminated potential new biology underlying diabetes in pregnancy, but has also provided insights into fetal outcomes. Here, I review some of the insights into GDM and fetal outcomes gained through the study of both rare and common genetic variation. I also discuss whether recent testing of type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility loci in GDM case-control samples changes views of whether GDM is a distinct form of diabetes. Finally, I examine how the study of susceptibility loci can be used to influence clinical care, one of the great promises of the new era of human genome analysis.
| S-EPMC3092103 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic complication of pregnancy, with a prevalence that has increased significantly in the last decade, coming to affect 12-18% of all pregnancies. GDM is believed to be the result of a combination of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Following the identification of susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes by means of genome-wide association studies, an association has also been demonstrated between some type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes and GDM, suggesting a partial similarity of the genetic architecture behind the two forms of diabetes. More recent genome-wide association studies, focusing on maternal metabolism during pregnancy, have demonstrated an overlap in the genes associated with metabolic traits in gravid and non-gravid populations, as well as in genes apparently unique to pregnancy. Epigenetic changes-such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNA gene silencing-have also been identified in GDM patients. Metabolomics has been used to profile the metabolic state of women during pregnancy, based on the measurement of numerous low-molecular-weight metabolites. Measuring amino acids and conventional metabolites has revealed changes in pregnant women with a higher insulin resistance and high blood glucose levels that resemble the changes seen in non-gravid, insulin-resistant populations. This would suggest similarities in the metabolic profiles typical of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia whether individuals are pregnant or not. Future studies combining data obtained using multiple technologies will enable an integrated systems biology approach to maternal metabolism during a pregnancy complicated by GDM. This review highlights the recent knowledge on the impact of genetics and epigenetics in the pathophysiology of GDM and the maternal and fetal complications associated with this pathology condition.
| S-EPMC7736606 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We compared the plasma miRNA expression profiles between healthy and GDM women by microarray analysis.Our study offers new insights into circulating biomarkers of GDM and thus provides a valuable resource for future investigations.
2017-04-22 | GSE98043 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundNon-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and diabetes contribute to the majority of deaths in India. Public health programmes on non-communicable diseases (NCD) prevention primarily target the behavioural risk factors of the population. Hereditary is known as a risk factor for most NCDs, specifically, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and hence, understanding of the genetic markers of T2DM may facilitate prevention, early case detection and management.Main bodyWe reviewed the studies that explored marker-trait association with type 2 diabetes mellitus globally, with emphasis on India. Globally, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs7903146 of Transcription Factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene was common, though there were alleles that were unique to specific populations. Within India, the state-wise data were also taken to foresee the distribution of risk/susceptible alleles. The findings from India showcased the common and unique alleles for each region.ConclusionExploring the known and unknown genetic determinants might assist in risk prediction before the onset of behavioural risk factors and deploy prevention measures. Most studies were conducted in non-representative groups with inherent limitations such as smaller sample size or looking into only specific marker-trait associations. Genome-wide association studies using data from extensive prospective studies are required in highly prevalent regions worldwide. Further research is required to understand the singular effect and the interaction of genes in predicting diabetes mellitus and other comorbidities.
| S-EPMC9438889 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIndia plays an important role in global research on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but a bibliometric assessment of this research is lacking.ObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive analysis of Indian GDM research during the last 30 years using select bibliometric indicators.MethodsThe Scopus international database was used to retrieve publication data, using a defined search strategy. The analysis focused on research output of Indian authors and organizations and their collaborations. The qualitative performance was assessed in terms of relative citation index and citations per paper (CPP).ResultsOverall, 100 countries participated in GDM research producing 13,193 publications during 1990-2019. India ranked ninth in global output (1182 publications, 3.1% share) and CPP of 18.6. Only 21.3% of publications had international collaboration and 9.4% were funded. Of the 235 organizations and 544 authors that participated in India's research on GDM, the top 50 organizations and authors contributed 53.8 and 36.4% to national publication share, respectively. The leading productive organizations were AIIMS, New Delhi, KEMH, Pune and PGIMER, Chandigarh, whereas the most productive authors were S. Kalra, V. Seshiah and C.S. Yajnik. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India and Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice were the most productive journals.ConclusionsIndian research on GDM is lagging behind other countries which have a similar disease burden. Increasing national and international collaborations, and active support of national and international funding agencies is urgently required to produce quality research on GDM.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13224-021-01444-7.
| S-EPMC8310827 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective Since Asians are particularly vulnerable to the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the lifecourse health implications of which are far beyond pregnancy, we aimed to summarize the literature to understand the research gaps on current GDM research among Asians. Methods We systematically searched the articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus by 30 June 2021 with keywords applied on three topics, namely “GDM prevalence in Asians”, “GDM and maternal health outcomes in Asians”, and “GDM and offspring health outcomes in Asians”. Results We observed that Asian women (natives and immigrants) are at the highest risk of developing GDM and subsequent progression to type 2 diabetes among all populations. Children born to GDM-complicated pregnancies had a higher risk of macrosomia and congenital anomalies (i.e. heart, kidney and urinary tract) at birth and greater adiposity later in life. Conclusion This review summarized various determinants underlying the conversion between GDM and long-term health outcomes in Asian women, and it might shed light on efforts to prevent GDM and improve the lifecourse health in Asians from a public health perspective. Systematic Review Registration Prospero, CRD42021286075.
| S-EPMC9245567 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo identify peri-conceptional diet patterns among women in Bangalore, and examine their associations with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.DesignBANGLES, started in June 2016, was a prospective observational study, in which women were recruited at 5-16 weeks' gestation. Peri-conceptional diet was recalled at recruitment, using a validated 224-item food frequency questionnaire. GDM was assessed by a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks' gestation, applying WHO 2013 criteria. Diet patterns were identified using principal component analysis and diet pattern-GDM associations were examined using multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for 'a priori' confounders.SettingAntenatal clinics of two hospitals, Bangalore, South India.Participants785 pregnant women of varied socio-economic status.ResultsGDM prevalence was 22%. Three diet patterns were identified: a) High-diversity, urban (HDU) characterised by diverse, home-cooked and processed foods was associated with older, more affluent, better-educated and urban women; b) Rice-fried snacks-chicken-sweets (RFCS), characterised by low diet-diversity, was associated with younger, less-educated, and lower income, rural and joint families; c) Healthy, traditional vegetarian (HTV), characterised by home-cooked-vegetarian and non-processed foods was associated with less-educated, more affluent, and rural and joint families. The HDU pattern was associated with a lower GDM risk (aOR: 0.80 per SD, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.99, p=0.04) after adjusting for confounders. BMI was strongly related to GDM risk and possibly mediated diet-GDM associations.ConclusionsThe findings support global recommendations to encourage women to attain a healthy pre-pregnancy BMI and increase diet-diversity. Both healthy and unhealthy foods in the patterns indicate low-awareness about healthy foods and a need for public-education.
| S-EPMC10131144 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNumerous genes have been reported in relation with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the findings were not consistently replicated across populations, or there have been no detailed studies on them. Previous literatures suggested that, out of all angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms, only ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism has a strong association with GDM in Asian Indian women.AimThis study was devoted to evaluate the association of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ACE A240T, C1237T, G2350A and I/D with GDM and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and methodsThis study recruited 105 GDM cases, 119 Type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects and 120 controls. PCR-RFLP was used for identifying genotypes of ACE A240T, C1237T and G2350A and PCR was performed in the case of ACE I/D.ResultsSignificant associations of ACE SNP's, C1237T, and G2350A with GDM were observed. Haplotype analysis revealed the remarkably significant evidence of association with SNP combination ACE A240T, C1237T, G2350A, and I/D with GDM patients (P = 0.024). Individuals possessing haplotype "TTAI" (frequency 30% in GDM and 0 in controls) derived from these SNPs had 185 fold increased risk of developing GDM (95% of confidence interval: 11.13-3102.15), which was highest when compared with other 15 haplotypes.ConclusionShorter-range haplotypes were also significant, but the only consistently associated alleles were found to be in ACE C1237T, G2350A, and I/D. These results suggested that the variant in close proximity to ACE C1237T, G2350A and/or I/D modulates susceptibility to GDM and noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Indian women.
| S-EPMC4765272 | biostudies-literature
Project description:DNA methylation and gestational diabetes mellitus
| PRJEB66494 | ENA