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Iron-Deficiency Prevalence and Supplementation Practices Among Pregnant Women: A Secondary Data Analysis From a Clinical Trial in Vancouver, Canada.


ABSTRACT:

Background

North American public health guidelines recommend supplementation with an iron-containing prenatal multivitamin throughout pregnancy to meet the RDA of 27 mg of elemental iron daily. However, whether supplementation with standard prenatal multivitamins is sufficient to prevent maternal iron deficiency is unclear, as needs increase substantially with advancing gestation.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess iron status in early and late pregnancy among 60 pregnant women receiving 27 mg/day of elemental iron as part of a randomized trial in Vancouver, Canada.

Methods

Study visits were conducted at 8-21 (baseline) and 24-38 (endline) weeks of gestation. Venous blood specimens were collected for a complete blood count and measurement of iron and inflammatory biomarkers. Supplementation with any additional iron (beyond 27 mg/day) was reported by participants (treatment with additional iron is recommended if ferritin is <30 μg/L). Quantile regression was used to explore predictors of endline ferritin concentrations, including ethnicity, education, income, and baseline ferritin measurement.

Results

Overall, 60 and 54 women participated in baseline and endline visits, respectively. Rates of probable iron deficiency (ferritin <30 μg/L) at baseline and endline were 17 (28%) and 44 (81%), respectively. Less than half (n = 18; 41%) of participants with probable iron deficiency at endline reported supplementation with additional iron. Ethnicity was the only significant modifier of endline ferritin, with higher concentrations in those of South, East, and Southeast Asian ethnicity compared to those of European ethnicity (β: 10.4 μg/L; 95% CI: 0.3-20.5).

Conclusions

Pregnant individuals may require additional supplemental iron beyond 27 mg to meet requirements in later pregnancy, given the high rates of iron deficiency observed in this clinical trial, despite consumption meeting 100% of the RDA. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04022135.

SUBMITTER: Cochrane KM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9535446 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Iron-Deficiency Prevalence and Supplementation Practices Among Pregnant Women: A Secondary Data Analysis From a Clinical Trial in Vancouver, Canada.

Cochrane Kelsey M KM   Hutcheon Jennifer A JA   Karakochuk Crystal D CD  

The Journal of nutrition 20221001 10


<h4>Background</h4>North American public health guidelines recommend supplementation with an iron-containing prenatal multivitamin throughout pregnancy to meet the RDA of 27 mg of elemental iron daily. However, whether supplementation with standard prenatal multivitamins is sufficient to prevent maternal iron deficiency is unclear, as needs increase substantially with advancing gestation.<h4>Objectives</h4>This study aimed to assess iron status in early and late pregnancy among 60 pregnant women  ...[more]

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