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Multidisciplinary approach for surveillance and risk identification of yellow fever and other arboviruses in Colombia.

ABSTRACT: Arbovirus, a critical threat to human health, have complex and dynamic life cycles. With reports of Yellow fever virus (YFV) causing spillover from sylvatic transmission cycles, and dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV) viruses expanding from urban to rural areas. We explored a multidisciplinary approach to analyze arbovirus transmission through vectors, and identify biological and sociodemographic determinants associated with their transmission risk in urban and rural areas in a Colombian municipality. We visited 178 urban and 97 rural households, registered sociodemographic characteristics and vaccination status for each of these households, collected adult and immature mosquitoes at the intra-, peri-, and extra-domicile, and surveyed forest patches in rural areas. Infections of YFV, DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV in the mosquitoes collected in the wild were analyzed using a reverse transcriptase PCR. We identified various risk factors of transmission associated with a high Aedes aegypti infestation in urban areas and their presence in rural settlements and Haemagogus janthinomys and other sylvatic mosquitoes near urban areas. The collected Ae. aegypti females from urban areas had a high infection rate of YFV (5.8%) and CHIKV (58.8%), and those from rural settlements had a high infection rate of DENV (33%), CHIKV (16.7%), and ZIKV (16.7%). The infection rates of YFV in the thorax of the sylvatic mosquitoes H. janthinomys and Aedes serratus collected from the forest patches were 14.3 and 42.1%, respectively. We could discern the transmission determinants associated with climatic, socioeconomic, and anthropogenic factors and YFV vaccination status. This multidisciplinary approach for surveillance of arboviral diseases allowed us to independently detect and integrate factors indicating an early risk of rural transmission of DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV and rural and urban outbreaks of YFV in the study area. This study provides a helpful tool for designing and focalizing prevention strategies.

SUBMITTER: Mantilla-Granados JS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9582556 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Multidisciplinary approach for surveillance and risk identification of yellow fever and other arboviruses in Colombia.

Mantilla-Granados Juan S JS Sarmiento-Senior Diana D Manzano Jaime J Calderón-Peláez María-Angélica MA Velandia-Romero Myriam Lucía ML Buitrago Luz Stella LS Castellanos Jaime E JE Olano Víctor Alberto VA

One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 20220930

Arbovirus, a critical threat to human health, have complex and dynamic life cycles. With reports of Yellow fever virus (YFV) causing spillover from sylvatic transmission cycles, and dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV) viruses expanding from urban to rural areas. We explored a multidisciplinary approach to analyze arbovirus transmission through vectors, and identify biological and sociodemographic determinants associated with their transmission risk in urban and rural areas in a C ...[more]

PMID: 36277089

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Project description:Arboviral infections are fast becoming a global public health concern as a result of its high fatality rate and sporadic spread. From the outbreak of Zika virus in the Americas, the endemicity of Yellow fever in West Africa and South America, outbreaks of West Nile virus in South Africa to the year-round and national risk of Dengue fever in Mainland China and India. The war against emerging and re-emerging viral infection could probably lead to the next pandemic. To be above the pending possible arboviral pandemic, consistent surveillance of these pathogens is necessary in every society. This study was aimed at conducting a surveillance for Yellow fever virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus and Rift Valley fever virus in four states in Nigeria using molecular techniques. A cross-sectional study involving 1600 blood samples collected from febrile patients in Lagos, Kwara, Ondo and Delta States between 2018 and 2021 was conducted using Real time polymerase chain reaction for detection of the pathogens. Extraction and purification of viral RNA were done using Qiagen Viral RNA Mini Kit. Samples were analyzed using One Step PrimeScript III RT-PCR mix (Takara Bio) alongside optimized primers and probes designed in-house. Positive samples were sequenced on MinION platform (Nanopore technologies). Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis were performed with DNASTAR Lasergene 17.3. All the RNA extracted from samples collected from the four states were negative for ZIKV RNA, RVFV RNA, CHIKV RNA and DENV RNA. However, twelve of the samples (2%) tested positive for YFV RNA. Three full genomes of sizes 10,751 bp, 10,500 bp and 10,715 bp were generated and deposited in GenBank with accession numbers: ON323052, ON323053 and ON323054 respectively. Phylogenetic analysis shows clustering within lineage 3 of West African genotype. This result shows an active spread of Yellow fever in Delta State, Nigeria. However, there is no emergence of a new genotype There is a need for an intense surveillance of Yellow fever virus in Nigeria to avert a major outbreak.

Project description:BackgroundYellow fever virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that persists in an enzoonotic cycle in non-human primates (NHPs) in Brazil, causing disease in humans through spillover events. Yellow fever (YF) re-emerged in the early 2000s, spreading from the Amazon River basin towards the previously considered low-risk, southeastern region of the country. Previous methods mapping YF spillover risk do not incorporate the temporal dynamics and ecological context of the disease, and are therefore unable to predict seasonality in spatial risk across Brazil. We present the results of a bagged logistic regression predicting the propensity for YF spillover per municipality (administrative sub-district) in Brazil from environmental and demographic covariates aggregated by month. Ecological context was incorporated by creating National and Regional models of spillover dynamics, where the Regional model consisted of two separate models determined by the regions' NHP reservoir species richness (high vs low).ResultsOf the 5560 municipalities, 82 reported YF cases from 2001 to 2013. Model accuracy was high for the National and low reservoir richness (LRR) models (AUC = 0.80), while the high reservoir richness (HRR) model accuracy was lower (AUC = 0.63). The National model predicted consistently high spillover risk in the Amazon, while the Regional model predicted strong seasonality in spillover risk. Within the Regional model, seasonality of spillover risk in the HRR region was asynchronous to the LRR region. However, the observed seasonality of spillover risk in the LRR Regional model mirrored the national model predictions.ConclusionsThe predicted risk of YF spillover varies with space and time. Seasonal trends differ between regions indicating, at times, spillover risk can be higher in the urban coastal regions than the Amazon River basin which is counterintuitive based on current YF risk maps. Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of YF spillover risk could better inform allocation of public health services.

Dataset Information

Multidisciplinary approach for surveillance and risk identification of yellow fever and other arboviruses in Colombia.

Publications

Multidisciplinary approach for surveillance and risk identification of yellow fever and other arboviruses in Colombia.

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