Dataset Information

Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of total cancer incidence and mortality: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of RCTs evaluating vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of cancer incidence and mortality have found inconsistent results and no meta-analysis has assessed the quality of the evidence available. We, therefore, aimed to perform an updated meta-analysis by including recent large-scale RCTs and assessing the quality of the pooled evidence.

Methods

We searched several databases and trial registers from inception to April 2022. We used a random-effects model to estimate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) considerations to evaluate the certainty of evidence.

Results

We included 13 RCTs in our study. Vitamin D supplementation had no effect on the risk of total cancer incidence (RR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.94-1.04; I ² = 0%), total cancer mortality (RR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.84-1.03; I ² = 24%) and total mortality (RR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.04; I ² = 36%). The overall quality of evidence was high for all outcomes.

Discussion

Vitamin D supplementation is ineffective in reducing total cancer incidence and mortality in largely vitamin D-replete older adult populations. Future research should be based on populations with a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and should involve more extended follow-up periods.

Study protocol

PROSPERO database, CRD42021285401.

SUBMITTER: Cheema HA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9636470 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of total cancer incidence and mortality: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cheema Huzaifa Ahmad HA Fatima Maurish M Shahid Abia A Bouaddi Oumnia O Elgenidy Anas A Rehman Aqeeb Ur AU Oussama Kacimi Salah Eddine SE Hasan Mohammad Mehedi MM Lee Ka Yiu KY

Heliyon 20221028 11

<h4>Introduction</h4>Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of RCTs evaluating vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of cancer incidence and mortality have found inconsistent results and no meta-analysis has assessed the quality of the evidence available. We, therefore, aimed to perform an updated meta-analysis by including recent large-scale RCTs and assessing the quality of the pooled evidence.<h4>Methods</h4>We searched several databases and trial registers from ...[more]

PMID: 36345522

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Project description:BackgroundVitamin A plays an important role in the development and maintenance of the normal function of organs and systems. Premature infants have low levels of vitamin A, which may be associated with an increased risk of developing disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin A supplementation on short-term morbidity and mortality in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants.MethodsWe used PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science to conduct a literature search of studies published before January 1, 2022, to be included in our meta-analysis. The analysis included randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of vitamin A supplementation on VLBW infants (birth weight <1,500 g) and controls given a placebo or no treatment. The certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines.ResultsTwelve randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis, and 2,111 infants were pooled and analyzed. The overall risk of bias was not serious in the included studies. Vitamin A supplementation for reducing the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age seems to be limited [risk ratio (RR):0.85; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.70-1.04; 8 studies, 1,595 infants, very-low-certainty evidence], which is different from the previous systematic review. Length of hospital stay (mean difference: -12.67, 95% CI: -23.55 to -1.79; 6 studies, 739 infants, low-certainty evidence), and the incidence of vitamin A deficiency at 28 days postnatal age (RR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.02-0.38; 3 studies, 358 infants, low-certainty evidence) were reduced in the vitamin A group. Besides, vitamin A supplementation seems to reduce the incidence of periventricular leukomalacia (RR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47-0.97; 4 studies, 1,224 infants, low-certainty evidence) and retinopathy of prematurity of any grade (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.48-0.76; 4 studies, 463 infants, moderate-certainty evidence).ConclusionsThere is no sufficient evidence regarding vitamin A supplementation preventing BPD in VLBW infants. Vitamin A supplementation can reduce the incidence of vitamin A deficiency and retinopathy of prematurity of any grade, and may exert an effect of preventing periventricular leukomalacia.Systematic review registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42020211070.

Dataset Information

Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of total cancer incidence and mortality: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

Study protocol

Publications

Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of total cancer incidence and mortality: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Similar Datasets

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