"Recent Advances in Cancer Research" Bern, November 4-5, 2022.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER:
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9751103 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
"Recent Advances in Cancer Research" Bern, November 4-5, 2022.
Cell death discovery 20221214 Suppl 1
Similar Datasets
Project description:Over the past few years, the field of pediatric cancer has experienced a shift in momentum, and this has led to new and exciting findings that have relevance beyond pediatric malignancies. Here we present the current status of key aspects of pediatric cancer research. We have focused on genetic and epigenetic drivers of disease, cellular origins of different pediatric cancers, disease models, the tumor microenvironment, and cellular immunotherapies.
| S-EPMC9725930 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) cellular models designed to replicate human tissues and organs while preserving their physiological complexity and functionality. Among these, vascularised organoids represent a groundbreaking advancement in 3D tissue engineering, incorporating vascular networks into engineered tissues to more accurately mimic the in vivo tumour microenvironment. These models offer significantly improved physiological relevance compared to conventional two-dimensional cultures or animal models, positioning them as invaluable tools in cancer research. Despite their potential, the rapid proliferation of techniques and materials for developing vascularised organoids presents challenges for researchers navigating this dynamic field. This systematic review provides a comprehensive examination of methodologies for fabricating vascularised organoids, with a focus on strategies that enhance vascularisation and support organoid growth. It critically evaluates the materials used, emphasising those that effectively mimic the extracellular matrix and facilitate vascular network formation. Key advancements in engineered organoids models are highlighted, emphasising their potential for studying interactions between vasculature and cancer cells, conducting drug screening, and understanding cytokine regulation. In summary, this review provides an in-depth overview of the current landscape of vascularised organoid fabrication and functionality, addressing challenges and opportunities within the field. A detailed understanding of the scope and future trajectories is essential for advancing organoid development and expanding their applications in both basic cancer research and clinical practice. KEY POINTS: Comparative analysis: Evaluation of organoids, animal models, and 2D models, highlighting their respective strengths and limitations in replicating physiological conditions and studying disease processes. Vascularisation techniques: Comparative evaluation of vascularised organoid fabrication methods, emphasising their efficiency, scalability and ability to replicate physiological vascular networks. Material selection: Thorough evaluation of materials for vascularised organoid culture system, focusing on those that effectively mimic the extracellular matrix and support vascular network formation. Applications: Overview of organoid applications in basic cancer research and clinical settings, with an emphasis on their potential in drug discovery, disease modelling and exploring complex biological processes.
| S-EPMC11882480 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Neoplasm arising from the keratinocytes or melanocytes in the skin is the most prevalent type of cancer in the United States and worldwide. Since ultraviolet (UV) radiation may be a causing factor for several types of skin cancer, effective strategies to manage skin cancer include preventive measures such as minimizing exposure to UV and applying sunscreens. However, the effect of sunscreen in reducing skin cancer incidence remains uncertain. An alternative approach to prevent skin cancer is chemoprevention, which is defined as using either natural products or synthetic compounds to inhibit, delay, or reverse the development of cancer. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of multiple pharmacological agents and dietary supplements. However, whether preclinical findings can be translated into clinical application is unknown. This review evaluates the state of recent clinical trials investigating chemopreventive agents focusing on skin cancer to compare the target populations, interventions, endpoints, and outcomes of these trials. The ClinicalTrials and PubMed databases were searched for their available literature using the key words "skin cancer" and "chemoprevention". The objective of this review is to provide updated information on the effectiveness and side effects of promising chemopreventive agents in human subjects and to identify research gaps.
| S-EPMC10417305 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic, non-essential, naturally occurring metal with a variety of uses. Mercury is not required for any known biological process and its presence in the human body may be detrimental, especially to the nervous system. Both genetic and behavioral studies suggest that mercury levels, age (both of exposure and at testing), and genetic background determine disease processes and outcome. The metal receptors and genes responsible for mercury metabolism also appear to play a pivotal role in the etiology of mercury-induced pathology. This review presents information about the latest advances in mercury research, with particular focus on low-level exposures and the contribution of genetics to toxic outcome. Future studies should address the contribution of genetics and low-level mercury exposure to disease, namely gene x environment interactions, taking into consideration age of exposure as developing animals are exquisitely more sensitive to this metal. In addition to recent advances in understanding the pathology associated with mercury exposure, the review highlights transport mechanisms, cellular distribution and detoxification of mercury species in the body.
| S-EPMC5181110 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10686183 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are manifested by microvascular lesions characterized by leaky endothelial cells with minimal intervening parenchyma predominantly in the central nervous system predisposed to hemorrhagic stroke, resulting in focal neurological defects. Till date, three proteins are implicated in this condition: CCM1 (KRIT1), CCM2 (MGC4607), and CCM3 (PDCD10). These multi-domain proteins form a protein complex via CCM2 that function as a docking site for the CCM signaling complex, which modulates many signaling pathways. Defects in the formation of this signaling complex have been shown to affect a wide range of cellular processes including cell-cell contact stability, vascular angiogenesis, oxidative damage protection and multiple biogenic events. In this review we provide an update on recent advances in structure and function of these CCM proteins, especially focusing on the signaling cascades involved in CCM pathogenesis and the resultant CCM cellular phenotypes in the past decade.
| S-EPMC6663315 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants purported to have unique medicinal properties. However, scientific research of cannabis has been restricted by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, an international treaty that prohibits the production and supply of narcotic drugs except under license. Legislation governing cannabis cultivation for research, medicinal and even recreational purposes has been relaxed recently in certain jurisdictions. As a result, there is now potential to accelerate cultivar development of this multi-use and potentially medically useful plant species by application of modern genomics technologies. Whilst genomics has been pivotal to our understanding of the basic biology and molecular mechanisms controlling key traits in several crop species, much work is needed for cannabis. In this review we provide a comprehensive summary of key cannabis genomics resources and their applications. We also discuss prospective applications of existing and emerging genomics technologies for accelerating the genetic improvement of cannabis.
| S-EPMC7986631 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Since its discovery, ADAM17, also known as TNFα converting enzyme or TACE, is now known to process over 80 different substrates. Many of these substrates are mediators of cancer and inflammation. The field of ADAM metalloproteinases is at a crossroad with many of the new potential therapeutic agents for ADAM17 advancing into the clinic. Researchers have now developed potential drugs for ADAM17 that are selective and do not have the side effects which were seen in earlier chemical entities that targeted this enzyme. ADAM17 inhibitors have broad therapeutic potential, with properties ranging from tumor immunosurveillance and overcoming drug and radiation resistance in cancer, as treatments for cardiac hypertrophy and inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. This review focuses on substrates and inhibitors identified more recently for ADAM17 and their role in cancer and inflammation.
| S-EPMC5688260 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Azo dyes, which are characterized by one or more azo bonds, are a predominant class of colorants used in tattooing, cosmetics, foods, and consumer products. These dyes are mainly metabolized by bacteria to colorless aromatic amines, some of which are carcinogenic, by azoreductases that catalyze a NAD(P)H-dependent reduction. The resulting amines are further degraded aerobically by bacteria. Some bacteria have the ability to degrade azo dyes both aerobically and anaerobically. Plant-degrading white rot fungi can break down azo dyes by utilizing a number of oxidases and peroxidases as well. In yeast, a ferric reductase system participates in the extracellular reduction of azo dyes. Recently, two types of azoreductases have been discovered in bacteria. The first class of azoreductases is monomeric flavin-free enzymes containing a putative NAD(P)H binding motif at their N-termini; the second class is polymeric flavin dependent enzymes which are studied more extensively. Azoreductases from bacteria represent novel families of enzymes with little similarity to other reductases. Dissociation and reconstitution of the flavin dependent azoreductases demonstrate that the non-covalent bound flavin prosthetic group is required for the enzymatic functions. In this review, structures and carcinogenicity of azo colorants, protein structure, enzymatic function, and substrate specificity, as well as application of the azo dyes and azoreductases will be discussed.
| S-EPMC5863238 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This review considers current advances in tools to investigate the functional biology of Giardia, it's coding and non-coding genes, features and cellular and molecular biology. We consider major gaps in current knowledge of the parasite and discuss the present state-of-the-art in its in vivo and in vitro cultivation. Advances in in silico tools, including for the modelling non-coding RNAs and genomic elements, as well as detailed exploration of coding genes through inferred homology to model organisms, have provided significant, primary level insight. Improved methods to model the three-dimensional structure of proteins offer new insights into their function, and binding interactions with ligands, other proteins or precursor drugs, and offer substantial opportunities to prioritise proteins for further study and experimentation. These approaches can be supplemented by the growing and highly accessible arsenal of systems-based methods now being applied to Giardia, led by genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic methods, but rapidly incorporating advanced tools for detection of real-time transcription, evaluation of chromatin states and direct measurement of macromolecular complexes. Methods to directly interrogate and perturb gene function have made major leaps in recent years, with CRISPr-interference now available. These approaches, coupled with protein over-expression, fluorescent labelling and in vitro and in vivo imaging, are set to revolutionize the field and herald an exciting time during which the field may finally realise Giardia's long proposed potential as a model parasite and eukaryote.
| S-EPMC7878119 | biostudies-literature