Dataset Information

Investigating associations of omega-3 fatty acids, lung function decline, and airway obstruction.

ABSTRACT:

Rationale

Inflammation contributes to lung function decline and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and may benefit lung health.

Objectives

Investigate associations of omega-3 fatty acids with lung function decline and incident airway obstruction in adults of diverse races/ethnicities from general population cohorts.

Methods

Complementary study designs: (1) longitudinal study of plasma phospholipid omega-3 fatty acids and repeated FEV ₁ and FVC measures in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Pooled Cohorts Study, and (2) two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study of genetically predicted omega-3 fatty acids and lung function parameters.

Measurements and main results

The longitudinal study found that higher omega-3 fatty acid concentrations were associated with attenuated lung function decline in 15,063 participants, with the largest effect sizes for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). One standard deviation higher DHA was associated with an attenuation of 1.8 mL/year for FEV ₁ (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-2.2) and 2.4 mL/year for FVC (95% CI 1.9-3.0). One standard deviation higher DHA was also associated with a 9% lower incidence of spirometry-defined airway obstruction (95% CI 0.86-0.97). DHA associations persisted across sexes, smoking histories, and Black, white and Hispanic participants, with the largest magnitude associations in former smokers and Hispanics. The MR study showed positive associations of genetically predicted omega-3 fatty acids with FEV ₁ and FVC, with statistically significant findings across multiple MR methods.

Conclusions

The longitudinal and MR studies provide evidence supporting beneficial effects of higher circulating omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, on lung health.

SUBMITTER: Patchen BK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9882557 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Investigating associations of omega-3 fatty acids, lung function decline, and airway obstruction.

Patchen Bonnie K BK Balte Palavi P Bartz Traci M TM Barr R Graham RG Fornage Myriam M Graff Mariaelisa M Jacobs David R DR Kalhan Ravi R Lemaitre Rozenn N RN O'Connor George G Psaty Bruce B Seo Jungkyun J Tsai Michael Y MY Wood Alexis C AC Xu Hanfei H Zhang Jingwen J Gharib Sina A SA Manichaikul Ani A North Kari K Steffen Lyn M LM Dupuis Josée J Oelsner Elizabeth E Hancock Dana B DB Cassano Patricia A PA

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 20230118

<h4>Rationale</h4>Inflammation contributes to lung function decline and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and may benefit lung health.<h4>Objectives</h4>Investigate associations of omega-3 fatty acids with lung function decline and incident airway obstruction in adults of diverse races/ethnicities from general population cohorts.<h4>Methods</h4>Complementary study designs: (1) longitudinal study of plasma phospholipid ...[more]

PMID: 36711663

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Project description:Background and objectivesKidney function gradually decreases with age, and myocardial infarction accelerates this deterioration. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids may slow down the decline of kidney function. The effect of marine and plant-derived n-3 fatty acids on kidney function in patients after myocardial infarction was examined.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsIn the Alpha Omega Trial, 2344 patients with history of myocardial infarction ages 60-80 years old (81% men) were randomized to one of four trial margarines. The patients received an additional targeted amount of 400 mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, 2 g/d α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid plus α-linolenic acid, or placebo for 40 months. Serum cystatin C and serum creatinine were assessed at baseline and after 40 months. Creatinine-cystatin C-based GFR was estimated with the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation.ResultsPatients consumed 19.9 g margarine/d, providing an additional 239 mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid with 159 mg/d docosahexaenoic acid, 1.99 g/d α-linolenic acid, or both in the active treatment groups. After 40 months, compared with baseline, mean (±SD) creatinine-cystatin C-based GFR was -6.9 (±12.6), -4.8 (±13.4), -6.2 (±12.8), and -6.0 (±13.0) ml/min per 1.73 m(2) in the placebo, eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid plus α-linolenic acid groups, respectively. After 40 months, in patients receiving eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid compared with placebo, the decline in creatinine-cystatin C-based GFR was 2.1 less (95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 3.6; P<0.01) ml/min per 1.73 m(2); other comparisons were not statistical significant. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of incident CKD (<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) and rapid decline of kidney function (≥3 ml/min per year) for eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid compared with placebo were 0.83 (0.58 to 1.18) and 0.85 (0.67 to 1.08), respectively.ConclusionsLong-term supplementation with 400 mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid provides a small beneficial effect on kidney function in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.

Dataset Information

Investigating associations of omega-3 fatty acids, lung function decline, and airway obstruction.

Rationale

Objectives

Methods

Measurements and main results

Conclusions

Publications

Investigating associations of omega-3 fatty acids, lung function decline, and airway obstruction.

Similar Datasets

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