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MiR-24 induces human T cell exhaustion though mitochondria energy metabolic reprograming via suppressing MYC and FGF11

ABSTRACT: Exhausted T cells (TExh) is a barrier for cancer immunotherapy, evidences demonstrate that transcriptional regulation is essential for TEX induction; however the factors that manipulate exhausted phenotype are largely unexplored. Here we showed that the microRNA (miR)-24, previously established to be enriched in eoxosmes from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and promote T cell dysfunction, induced T cells to express high level of TIM-3, PD-1 and CD39 but to display low IFNg and GrB secretion and diminished proliferation ability ( a TExh phenotype) through inhibiting energy metabolism in vitro. Forced miR-24 expression inhibited ATP production through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, while blockade of endogenous miR-24 the mitochondrial formation became massive and tubular and the levels of mitochondrial constituent proteins including Mfn1, Mfn2, P-Drp1 and TOMM20 was increased in OKT-3 stimulated T cells. MiR-24-mediated TEX and mitochondria metabolism reprogramming were regulated by suppressing MYC and FGF11 expression. Moreover, MYC enhanced the FGF11 transcription to promote mitochondria ATP production. Importantly, clinical data showed an increased TEX phenotype in circuiting and tumor-infiltrating T cells from NPC patients. Thus, our findings support that inhibition of miR-24-mediated mitochondria metabolism reprogramming can be titrated to break TExh immune barrier in NPC immunotherapy.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE110523 | GEO | 2020/08/11

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that associate with Argonaute 2 protein to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in the cytoplasm. However, recent studies have reported that some miRNAs localize to and function in other cellular compartments. Mitochondria harbour their own genetic system that may be a potential site for miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. We aimed at investigating whether nuclear-encoded miRNAs can localize to and function in human mitochondria. To enable identification of mitochondrial-enriched miRNAs, we profiled the mitochondrial and cytosolic RNA fractions from the same HeLa cells by miRNA microarray analysis. Mitochondria were purified using a combination of cell fractionation and immunoisolation, and assessed for the lack of protein and RNA contaminants. We found 57 miRNAs differentially expressed in HeLa mitochondria and cytosol. Of these 57, a signature of 13 nuclear-encoded miRNAs was reproducibly enriched in mitochondrial RNA and validated by RT-PCR for hsa-miR-494, hsa-miR-1275 and hsa-miR-1974. This study provides the first comprehensive view of the localization of RNA interference components to the mitochondria. Our data outline the molecular bases for a novel layer of crosstalk between nucleus and mitochondria through a specific subset of human miRNAs that we termed ‘mitomiRs’. To assess whether nuclear-encoded miRNA are detectable in human mitochondria, we performed the following four steps approach. First, cultured HeLa cells were allowed to reach 80-100% confluence and subjected to fractionation in order to isolate the cytosolic fraction. From the same HeLa cells, mitochondria were isolated by immunomagnetic Anti-TOM22 MicroBeads from the Mitochondria Isolation Kit (Miltenyi Biotec). In total, six mitochondria preparations were perfromed, three of these were additionally treated with RNase A. Second, total RNA was extracted from the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. Third, mitochondrial and cytosolic RNA were respectively profiled by microRNA microarray analysis. Last, data were analyzed and normalized.Three independent assays were performed.

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MiR-24 induces human T cell exhaustion though mitochondria energy metabolic reprograming via suppressing MYC and FGF11

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