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Expression data from single cells from mouse primordial germ cell lineage (E6.25-E8.25, wild type and Blimp1KO)

ABSTRACT: Specification of germ cell fate is fundamental in development. With a highly representative single-cell microarray and rigorous quantitative-PCR analysis, we defined the genome-wide transcription dynamics that create primordial germ cells (PGCs) from the epiblast, a process that exclusively segregates them from their somatic neighbors. We also analyzed the effect of the loss of Blimp1, a key transcriptional regulator, on these dynamics. Our analysis revealed that PGC specification involves complex, yet highly ordered regulation of a large number of genes, proceeding under the strong influence of mesoderm induction with active repression of specific programs such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, Hox gene activation, cell-cycle progression and DNA methyltransferase machinery. Remarkably, Blimp1 is essential for repressing nearly all the genes normally down-regulated in PGCs relative to their somatic neighbors, whereas it is dispensable for the activation of approximately half of the genes up-regulated in PGCs. Keywords: single cell analysis, time course, Blimp1 knocked out

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE11128 | GEO | 2008/08/22

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA106911

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transcription profiling of mouse single cells from primordial germ cell lineage (E6.25-E8.25, wild type and Blimp1KO)

Project description:Specification of germ cell fate is fundamental in development. With a highly representative single-cell microarray and rigorous quantitative-PCR analysis, we defined the genome-wide transcription dynamics that create primordial germ cells (PGCs) from the epiblast, a process that exclusively segregates them from their somatic neighbors. We also analyzed the effect of the loss of Blimp1, a key transcriptional regulator, on these dynamics. Our analysis revealed that PGC specification involves complex, yet highly ordered regulation of a large number of genes, proceeding under the strong influence of mesoderm induction with active repression of specific programs such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, Hox gene activation, cell-cycle progression and DNA methyltransferase machinery. Remarkably, Blimp1 is essential for repressing nearly all the genes normally down-regulated in PGCs relative to their somatic neighbors, whereas it is dispensable for the activation of approximately half of the genes up-regulated in PGCs. Experiment Overall Design: Embryo isolation, dissection, and single cell cDNA amplification were performed as described (Kurimot et al., 2006, Nucleic Acids Res 34: e42; Kurimoto et al., 2007, Nature protocols, 2007, 2:739-52). Randomly picked cells were screened with gene-specific primers for Blimp1 and fragilis to select Blimp1-positive embryonic cells (which marks lineage-restricted PGC precursors or PGCs). For Blimp1 KO embryos, non-functional transcript from the Blimp1null allele was detected with the same primer set.

2008-10-25 | E-GEOD-11128 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Robust In Vitro Induction of Human Germ Cell Fate from Pluripotent Stem Cells

Project description:Mechanisms underlying human germ cell development are unclear, partly due to difficulties in studying human embryos and lack of suitable experimental systems. Here, we show that human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiate into incipient mesoderm-like cells (iMeLCs), which robustly generate human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) that can be purified using the surface markers EpCAM and INTEGRINα6. The transcriptomes of hPGCLCs and primordial germ cells (PGCs) isolated from non-human primates are similar, and although specification of hPGCLCs and mouse PGCs rely on similar signaling pathways, hPGCLC specification transcriptionally activates germline fate without transiently inducing eminent somatic programs. This includes genes important for naive pluripotency and repression of key epigenetic modifiers, concomitant with epigenetic reprogramming. Accordingly, BLIMP1, which represses somatic programs in mice, activates and stabilizes a germline transcriptional circuit and represses a default neuronal differentiation program. Together, these findings provide a foundation for understanding and reconstituting human germ cell development in vitro.

2015-07-20 | GSE67259 | GEO

Principles for the regulation of multiple developmental pathways by a versatile transcriptional factor, BLIMP1 (RNA-Seq)

Project description:Transcription factors (TFs) regulate biological events depending on cellular contexts, precise mechanisms for which are elusive. BLIMP1 has been shown to play key roles in many developmental processes, canonically as a transcriptional repressor that targets to proximities of promoters. Here, we systematically and quantitatively characterized genomic binding patterns of BLIMP1 across four distinct, developing cell types; photoreceptor precursors, embryonic intestinal epithelium, plasmablasts, and primordial germ cells (PGCs). BLIMP1-binding sites are highly enriched in genomic regions proximal to transcription start sites (TSSs), majority of which are shared among cell types and are highly occupied by BLIMP1, whereas only a small number of associated genes are regulated consistently among cell types. In contrast, BLIMP1 weakly binds to more distal, cell type-specific sites with divergent recognition sequences, which account for gene regulations much more efficiently in proportion to the magnitude of expression level changes, with notably similar impacts per site among cell types. Various TF motifs contained in the cell type-specific binding sites exhibit only moderate impacts on transcription dynamics and BLIMP1-occupancy levels. On the other hand, germ cells uniquely involve the shared binding sites in the specification, and grossly maintain the binding pattern in late PGCs, accounting for vast majority of the repressive targets. Furthermore, we identified new sequence motifs strongly bound to BLIMP1 especially in the late PGCs, GGGAAA repeats, a few of which are located around key regulators of gametogenesis. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the genomic regulation of BLIMP1 across developmental processes.

2017-08-31 | GSE91040 | GEO

Principles for the regulation of multiple developmental pathways by a versatile transcriptional factor, BLIMP1(ChIP-Seq)

2017-08-31 | GSE91038 | GEO

Offspring from oocytes derived from in vitro primordial germ cell-like cells in mice

Project description:Reconstitution of female germ-cell development in vitro is a key challenge in reproductive biology and medicine. We show here that female (XX) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in mice are induced into primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs), which, when aggregated with female gonadal somatic cells as reconstituted ovaries, develop pre-meiotic germ cell characteristics, including X-reactivation, imprint erasure, and cyst formation. Upon transplantation under ovarian bursa, PGCLCs in the reconstituted ovaries mature into germinal vesicle-stage oocytes, which, through in vitro maturation and fertilization, contribute to fertile offspring. Our culture system serves as a robust foundation for the investigation of key properties of female germ cells, including the acquisition of totipotency, and for the reconstitution of whole female germ-cell development in vitro. We performed expression analysis of female PGC-like cells [PGCLCs; day 3 (d3), day 6 (d6), and day 3 followed by day 6 in aggregation with female embryonic day (E) 12.5 gonadal somatic cells (d3ag6)] in comparison to in vivo embryonic PGCs (E12.5 female PGCs and E9.5 PGCs) and male d6 PGCLCs. PGCLCs were marked with fluorescence of Blimp1-mVenus, stella-ECFP transgenic reporters (BVSC). PGCs were marked with fluorescence of the stella-EGFP transgenic reporter.

2012-11-05 | E-GEOD-40716 | biostudies-arrayexpress

SOX17 Is a Critical Specifier of Human Primordial Germ Cell Fate

Project description:Specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) marks the beginning of the totipotent state. However, without a tractable experimental model, the mechanism of human PGC (hPGC) specification remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate specification of hPGC-like cells (hPGCLCs) from germline competent pluripotent stem cells. The characteristics of hPGCLCs are consistent with the embryonic hPGCs and a germline seminoma that share a CD38 cell-surface marker, which collectively defines likely progression of the early human germline. Remarkably, SOX17 is the key regulator of hPGC-like fate, whereas BLIMP1 represses endodermal and other somatic genes during specification of hPGCLCs. Notable mechanistic differences between mouse and human PGC specification could be attributed to their divergent embryonic development and pluripotent states, which might affect other early cell-fate decisions. We have established a foundation for future studies on resetting of the epigenome in hPGCLCs and hPGCs for totipotency and the transmission of genetic and epigenetic information. RNA-Seq analysis to investigate transcriptomes of hPGC-like cells (hPGCLCs), fetal hPGCs, TCam-2 and hESCs

2014-12-26 | E-GEOD-60138 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A Mesodermal Factor, T (BRACHYURY), specifies mouse germ cell fate by directly activating germline determinants.

Project description:The germ cell lineage ensures reproduction and heredity in metazoans. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) in mice are induced in pluripotent epiblast cells by BMP4 and WNT3, yet their mechanism of action remains elusive. Here, using in vitro PGC specification system, we show that WNT3, but not BMP4, induces many transcription factors associated with mesoderm in epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs) through beta-CATENIN. Among these, T (BRACHYURY), a classical and conserved mesodermal factor, was essential for robust activation of Blimp1 and Prdm14, two of the germline determinants. T, but not SMAD1 or beta-CATENIN/TCF1, binds distinct regulatory elements of both Blimp1 and Prdm14, and directly up-regulates these genes without BMP4 and WNT3. Without BMP4, a program induced by WNT3 prevents T from activating Blimp1 and Prdm14, demonstrating that BMP4 is permissive for PGC specification. These findings establish a fundamental role of a mesodermal gene in PGC specification, a potentially evolutionarily conserved mechanism across metazoans. Wnt3 (+/+) and Wnt3 (-/-) mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) bearing the BV transgenes expressing membrane-targeted Venus under the control of Blimp1 regulatory elements (Blimp1-mVenus: BV; PMID 18583473) were established and maintained. Epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs) were then induced from the established ES lines, followed by the cytokine stimulation (No cytokines [negative control], BMP4, Wnt3a, BMP4+Wnt3a) for different periods (0h, 12h, 24h, 36h).

2013-12-11 | E-GEOD-49689 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A mesodermal factor, T (Brachyury), specifies mouse germ cell fate by directly activating germline determinants

Project description:Germ cells ensure reproduction and heredity in metazoans. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) in mice are induced in pluripotent epiblasts by BMP4 and WNT3, yet their mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, using in vitro PGC specification system, we show that WNT3 induces many transcription factors associated with mesoderm in epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs) through b-CATENIN. Among these, T (BRACHYURY), a classical and conserved mesodermal factor, was essential for robust activation of Blimp1 and Prdm14, two of the germline determinants. T, but not SMAD1 or b-CATENIN/TCF1, binds distinct regulatory elements of both Blimp1 and Prdm14, and without BMP4 and WNT3, directly up-regulates these genes, consequently delineating downstream PGC program. Without BMP4, a program induced by WNT3 prevents T from activating Blimp1 and Prdm14, demonstrating that BMP4 is permissive for PGC specification. These findings establish a fundamental role of a mesodermal transcription factor in PGC specification, a potentially evolutionarily conserved mechanism across metazoans. Genome target search for transcription factors, SMAD1, T, and TCF1 on PGC-like cells

2013-12-11 | E-GEOD-50394 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A critical but divergent role of PRDM14 in human primordial germ cell fate revealed by inducible degrons [ChIP-seq]

Project description:PRDM14 is a crucial regulator of mouse primordial germ cells (mPGC), epigenetic reprogramming and pluripotency, but its role in the evolutionarily divergent regulatory network of human PGCs (hPGCs) remains unclear. Besides, a previous knockdown study indicated that PRDM14 might be dispensable for human germ cell fate. Here, we decided to use inducible degrons for a more rapid and comprehensive PRDM14 depletion. We show that PRDM14 loss results in significantly reduced specification efficiency and an aberrant transcriptome of human PGC-like cells (hPGCLCs) obtained in vitro from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcriptomic analyses suggest that PRDM14 cooperates with TFAP2C and BLIMP1 to upregulate germ cell and pluripotency genes, while repressing WNT signalling and somatic markers. Notably, PRDM14 targets are not conserved between mouse and human, emphasising the divergent molecular mechanisms of PGC specification. The effectiveness of degrons for acute protein depletion is widely applicable in various developmental contexts.

2019-12-08 | GSE138674 | GEO

A critical but divergent role of PRDM14 in human primordial germ cell fate revealed by inducible degrons [RNA-seq]

2019-12-08 | GSE138673 | GEO

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