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Comparative multi-omic analyses of Trichinella Pseudospiralis based on a new genome assembly by long-read sequencing

ABSTRACT: Genome assemblies can form the basis of comparative analyses fostering insight into the evolutionary genetics. Genome evolution influences a parasite’s pathogenicity, host–pathogen interactions, environmental constraints and invasion biology. Comparative genomics and epigenomics analyses will provide deep understanding of parasitism biology for future diagnosis and prevention of trchinellosis. We provide a near-complete new T.p reference genome using SMRT technology, first time confirmed and characterized T.p DNA methylome, enabling full annotation. Based on this new version, we show repetitive sequences play important role in genome expansion, in synergy with DNA methylation during evolution. We further portrait the genomic and epigenomic regulation on E-S products in relation with their parasitism differences, especially for two super-families, including DNase II and EGF-like domain proteins.

ORGANISM(S): Trichinella pseudospiralis

PROVIDER: GSE113105 | GEO | 2019/04/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Trichinella pseudospiralis

Project description:Comparative multi-omics analyses reveal differential expression of key genes relevant for parasitism between non-encapsulated and encapsulated Trichinella

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Trichinella pseudospiralis isolate:GDS-2018

Project description:Comparative multi-omics analyses reveal differential expression of key genes relevant for parasitism between non-encapsulated and encapsulated Trichinella

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Differential methylation in discrete developmental stages of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis

Project description:We describe the first comprehensive study confirming the existence of DNA methylation, characterising the methylomes of three life stages of the food-borne agent of human trichinellosis, Trichinella spiralis. We further identify sets of genes where the DNA methylation status varied between thedevelopmental stages that are closely related to the parasitism of the organism. Examination of DNA methylation status in three life stages (Adult, muscle larve, new born larve) of Trchinella Spiralis using MethylC-seq.

2012-09-28 | E-GEOD-39328 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Differential methylation in discrete developmental stages of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis

Project description:We present the first study to confirm the existence of DNA methylation in the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis, and we characterize the methylomes of the three life-cycle stages of this food-borne infectious human pathogen. We observe a drastic increase in DNA methylation during the transition from the new born to mature stage, and we further identify parasitism-related genes that show changes in DNA methylation status between life cycle stages. We also evaluated differential gene expression among the three life stages using Illumina HiSeq 2000 RNA-seq technology.

2012-09-28 | GSE39328 | GEO

Bodo saltans proteomics - Kinetoplastid Phylogenomics Reveals the Evolutionary Innovations Associated with the Origins of Parasitism

Project description:The evolution of parasitism is a recurring event in the history of life and a core question in evolutionary biology. Trypanosomatids are important parasites including the human pathogens Trypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi and Leishmania spp., which have evolved complex life cycles to exploit a series of defined host environments after diverging from free-living, phagotrophic bodonids. However, the origins of genomic adaptations for transmission, disease and pathogenesis remain obscure because there has been no genomic comparison of parasitic and free-living species. Addressing this absence, we have produced a genome sequence for Bodo saltans, the closest known non-parasitic relative of trypanosomatids. Here we show how genomic reduction and innovation contributed to the character of trypanosomatid genomes. We find that despite a genetic ‘streamlining’ of diverse physiological functions, including macromolecular degradation and cellular homeostasis, the origin of trypanosomatid parasitism did not lead to a substantial reduction in genome function. Instead, we observe dramatic elaboration of gene families that facilitate host-parasite interactions and pathogenesis. We also show how parasite-specific proteins that characterize the enigmatic cell surfaces of Trypanosoma and Leishmania were derived from the same ancestral proteins, still represented in B. saltans. Our new evidence distinguishes adaptive innovations of trypanosomatids that post-date their parasitic origin from essentially kinetoplastid legacies of a free-living past. It shows that when the labile environment of a phagotrophic ancestor was replaced by the defined conditions of their various hosts, trypanosomatid physiology was reoriented towards host interaction, and ancestral structures were radically transformed to provide adaptations for obligate parasitism.

2018-10-24 | PXD002628 | Pride

Comparative genomics of Steinernema reveals deeply conserved regulatory networks in nematodes

Project description:Parasitism is a major ecological niche for a variety of nematodes. Multiple nematode lineages have specialized as pathogens, including deadly parasites of insects that are used in biological control. We have sequenced and analyzed the draft genomes and transcriptomes of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and four congeners (S. scapterisci, S. monticolum, S. feltiae, S. glaseri) distantly related to Caenorhabditis elegans. We used these genomes to establish phylogenetic relationships, explore gene conservation across species, identify genes uniquely expanded in insect parasites, and to identify conserved non-coding regulatory motifs that influence similar biological processes. Protein domain analysis of these genomes reveals a striking expansion of numerous putative parasitism genes including certain protease and protease inhibitor families as well as fatty acid- and retinol-binding proteins. We identify rapid evolution and expansion of the important developmental Hox gene cluster and identify novel conserved non-coding regulatory motifs associated with orthologous genes in Steinernema and Caenorhabditis. The deep conservation of the network of non-coding DNA motifs between these two genera for a subset of orthologous genes involved in neurogenesis and embryonic development suggests that a kernel of protein-DNA relationships is conserved through nematode evolution. We analyzed the gene expression of a total of 24 RNA-seq samples from 3 nematode species( S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and C. elegans) for comparative analysis. We collected the RNA at four developmental time points (mixed embryo, L1, infective juvenile/dauer, young adult) for each species in replicates.

2015-06-05 | E-GEOD-68588 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Project description:Mastigamoeba balamuthi genome project: evolution of parasitism

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Pan-genome and methylome analysis reveals the diversity of restriction/modification systems in the gut commensal Bifidobacterium breve.

Project description:Bifidobacterium breve represents one of the most abundant (bifido)bacterial species in the gastro-intestinal tract of (breast-fed) infants, where their presence is believed to be beneficial. In the present study whole genome sequencing, employing PacBio’s Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing platform, combined with comparative genome analysis allowed the most extensive genetic investigation of this taxon. Our findings demonstrate that Restriction/Modification (R/M) systems constitute a substantial part of the B. breve variome. Availing of the methylome data generated by SMRT sequencing, combined with targeted Illumina bisulfite sequencing (BiSeq) and comparative genome analysis, we were able to detect methylation recognition motifs and assign these to identified B. breve R/M systems, where in several cases such assignments were confirmed by restriction analysis. Furthermore, cloning of a selected methyltransferase-encoding gene validated the activity of the corresponding R/M system, and was shown to overcome the barrier they impose to genetic accessibility, thus allowing future genetic manipulation of members of this species.

2017-12-13 | GSE104927 | GEO

Comparative analysis of co-evolving host-parasite associations reveal unique expression patterns and pathways underlying slavemaker raiding and host defensive behavior in ants

Project description:The transition to parasitism is a drastic shift in lifestyle, involving rapid changes in gene structure, function, and expression. Evolutionarily 'young' parasites are ideal models for the elucidation of the early steps of this transition. After the establishment of an antagonistic relationship, parasite and host co-evolve through reciprocal adaptations resulting in an evolutionary arms-race. Repeated evolution of social parasitism and slavery among Temnothorax ants allows us to examine gene expression patterns characterizing slavemaker raiding and reciprocal host defensive behavior. Previous studies of Temnothorax provide evidence for co-evolving adaptations between parasites and hosts, as well as diverging raiding strategies between slavemakers. However, under parasite pressure, host defense portfolios shift similarly, suggesting diverging evolution of defensive traits. Through comparative gene expression analyses, we find that slavemaker raiding behavior is characterized by a down-regulation of numerous genes relative to their non-raiding state. Moreover, only a small number of genes shared expression between slavemaking species. In contrast, hosts possess a higher ratio of commonly-to-privately over-expressed genes and metabolic pathways during raids, suggesting that genes of similar function control defensive behavior. Additionally, a number of candidate genes were identified, each potentially playing a major role in shaping slavemaker- and host-specific behaviors. Finally, in two slavemaking species, functional enrichment analyses indicate that genes over-expressed during raiding behavior are associated with ribosomal structure, oxidation-reduction, and metabolic processes. Overall, our analysis revealed evidence for divergent evolution among closely-related ant species, where species-specific gene expression characterize raiding and defensive behavior.

2017-07-01 | GSE95604 | GEO

Exceptionally high sequence-level variation in the transcriptome of Plasmodium falciparum

Project description:Single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) in RNA, arising from co- and post-transcriptional phenomena including transcription errors and RNA-editing, are well studied in a range of organisms. In the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, stage-specific and non-specific gene-expression variations accompany the parasite’s array of developmental and morphological phenotypes over the course of its complex life cycle. However, the extent, rate and effect of sequence-level variation in the parasite’s transcriptome are unknown. Here, we report the presence of pervasive, non-specific SNVs in the P. falciparum transcriptome. SNV rates for a gene were not correlated to the AT-content of that gene. Global SNV rates for the P. falciparum lines we used, and for publicly available P. vivax and P. falciparum clinical isolate datasets, were of the order of 10-3 per base, ~10x higher than rates we calculated for bacterial datasets. These variations may reflect an intrinsic transcriptional error rate in the parasite, and RNA editing may be responsible for a subset of them. This seemingly characteristic property of the parasite may have implications for clinical outcomes and the basic biology and evolution of P. falciparum and parasite biology more broadly, and we anticipate that our study will prompt further investigations into the exact sources, consequences and possible adaptive roles of these SNVs.

2022-05-25 | GSE179055 | GEO

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