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Maternal antibiotic use in sows affects microbiota and gut development in offspring

ABSTRACT: We demonstrated that a maternal antibiotic treatment can change intestinal development of the offspring piglets permanently by showing that maternal gestational antibiotic treatment affects intestinal development in offspring piglets for a period of at least seven weeks after the antibiotic treatment in the sows was finished. It was shown that immediately after birth the piglets from amoxicillin treated sows, showed upregulation of genes involved in processes related to ‘tight junctions’ and ‘immunoglobulins’. In addition, these piglets had significantly lower number of goblet cells. Together, this may lead to a gut wall that is more rapidly closed in piglets from amoxicillin treated sows, affecting the uptake of immunoglobulins and the intestinal development. Later in life, around weaning, gene expression and morphological data indicate that the crypts of piglets from amoxicillin treated sows deepen around weaning as an effect of the amoxicillin treatment which in combination with the upregulation of genes involved in cell cycle processes, ribosomal activity and protein degradation might imply that the intestinal development, the subsequent differentiation of cells or the timing of these processes was delayed by the maternal antibiotic treatment.

ORGANISM(S): Sus scrofa

PROVIDER: GSE115178 | GEO | 2019/07/29

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is an animal welfare and public health concern due to its ability to parasite livestock and potentially contaminate meat products. In pigs, it is associated with enterocolitis and diarrhea, whereas some individuals may become life-long carriers. To reduce Salmonella shedding and the risk of pork contamination, antibiotic therapy is used and can contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Here we hypothesized that immune system education by the microbiota can play a role in intestinal resilience to infection. We used amoxicillin (15mg/Kg) to modulate the intestinal microbiome of 10 piglets, paired with same age pigs that received a placebo (n=10) from 0 to 14 days of age. Animals were euthanized when 4-weeks old. Each pig donated colon sections for ex vivo culture (n=20 explants/pig). Explants were inoculated with S. Typhimurium, PBS or LPS. The gut bacteriome was characterized by sequencing of the 16S rRNA at 7, 21 days of age, and upon in vitro culture. In vivo antibiotic treatment led to b-diversity differences between groups at all times (P<0.05), while a-diversity did not differ between amoxicillin and placebo groups on day 21 and at euthanasia (P<0.03 on day 7). Explant microbiomes were not different from in vivo. No significant differences in epithelial cell necrosis scores were observed between amoxicillin and placebo groups after exposure to Salmonella, even though median scores were lower in the amoxicillin group. Both groups did have significantly higher necrosis scores than the PBS group (P<0.05). Activation of immune-related cascades in control explants from the amoxicillin group was observed, whereas Salmonella exposure activated specific cellular repair, wound healing and macrophage pathogen inhibition pathways that were significantly different from placebo pigs. These suggest that immune education by the microbiota may be developed as a tool to mitigate intestinal lesions following pathogen exposure.

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Maternal antibiotic use in sows affects microbiota and gut development in offspring

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