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Human-specific transcriptional regulation of CNS development genes by FOXP2

ABSTRACT: The signaling pathways orchestrating both the evolution and development of language in the human brain remain unknown. To date, the transcription factor FOXP2 is the only gene implicated in Mendelian forms of human speech and language dysfunction1,2. It has been proposed, that the amino acid composition in the human variant of FOXP2 has undergone accelerated evolution, and this change occurred around the time of language emergence in humans3,4. However, this remains controversial, and whether the acquisition of these amino acids in human FOXP2 has any functional consequence in human neurons remains untested. Here, we demonstrate that these two amino acids confer new functionality in terms of differential transcriptional regulation, and extend these observations to in vivo brain, showing that several of the differential FOXP2 targets significantly overlap with genes different between human and chimpanzee brain. We also identify novel relationships among the differentially expressed genes with additional critical regulators of neuronal development. These data provide support for the functional relevance of changes that occur on the human lineage by showing that the two amino acids unique to human FOXP2 can lead to significant differences in gene expression patterns across brain evolution, with direct consequences for human brain development and disease. Since FOXP2 has an important role in the use of language in humans, the identified targets may have a critical function in the development and evolution of language circuitry in humans.

OTHER RELATED OMICS DATASETS IN: PRJNA119431

ORGANISM(S): Pan troglodytes Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE18142 | GEO | 2009/11/12

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA119431

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Gene expression in striatums of Foxp2-hum, Foxp2-ko and wild-type mice

Project description:It has been proposed that two amino acid substitutions in the transcription factor FOXP2 have been positively selected during human evolution due to effects on aspects of speech and language. Here, we introduce these substitutions into the endogenous Foxp2 gene.of mice. Although these mice are generally healthy, they have qualitatively different ultrasonic vocalizations, decreased exploratory behavior and decreased dopamine concentrations in the brain suggesting an effect of the humanized Foxp2 allele on basal ganglia. In the striatum, a part of the basal ganglia that is affected in humans with a speech deficit due to one non-functional FOXP2 allele, we find that medium spiny neurons have increased dendrite lengths and increased synaptic plasticity. Since mice carrying one non-functional Foxp2 allele show opposite effects, this suggests that alterations in cortico-basal ganglia circuits might have been important for the evolution of speech and language in humans. In this particular experiment, we investigate the effects of human Foxp2 (Foxp2hum) and the non-functional Foxp2 allele on striatal gene expression in embryonic, young and adult mice. We determined genome-wide gene expression patterns in striatal biopsies from Foxp2hum/hum, Foxp2wt/ko and Foxp2wt/wt mice using high-density oligonucleotide arrays. The animals were derived from two independent FoxP2 knock-in strains and one knock-out strain. In total 71 animals were used, 29 males and 42 females. The mice ages were E16.5, P15, P18, P21 and P95 when sacrificed. The microarrays were processed in totally six batches.

2010-05-22 | E-GEOD-13588 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression in striatums of Foxp2-hum, Foxp2-ko and wild-type mice

2009-03-02 | GSE13588 | GEO

Transcriptional targets of FOXP2 in human brain and lung

Project description:Mutations in FOXP2, a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors, are the only known cause of developmental speech and language disorders in humans. To date, there are no known targets of human FOXP2 in the nervous system. The identification of FOXP2 targets in the developing human brain therefore provides a unique tool with which to explore the development of human language and speech. Here we define FOXP2 targets in human basal ganglia (BG) and inferior frontal cortex (IFC) utilizing chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by microarray analysis (ChIP-chip) and validate the functional regulation of targets in vitro. ChIP-chip identified 285 FOXP2 targets in fetal human brain; significant overlap of targets in BG and IFC, indicate a core set of 34 transcriptional targets of FOXP2. We identified targets specific to the IFC or BG, not observed in lung, suggesting important regional and tissue differences in FOXP2 activity. Many target genes are known to play critical roles in specific aspects of CNS patterning or development, such as neurite outgrowth, as well as plasticity. Subsets of the FOXP2 transcriptional targets are either under positive selection in humans, or differentially expressed between human and chimpanzee brain. This is the first ChIP-chip study using human brain tissue, making the FOXP2 target genes identified in these studies important to understanding the pathways regulating speech and language in the developing human brain. These data provide the first insight into the functional network of genes directly regulated by FOXP2 in human brain and by evolutionary comparisons, highlight genes likely to be involved in the development of human higher order cognitive processes. Keywords: ChIP-chip

2007-12-31 | GSE8547 | GEO

FOXP2 regulates differential transcriptional programs in human subplate

Project description:Mammalian brains are highly conserved at both the neuroanatomical and gene expression levels. However, the subplate is a neocortical subregion distinguished by a markedly different developmental trajectory among primates compared to other mammals. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms driving these species differences in subplate development remain mostly unknown. Here, we show that human FOXP2, a transcription factor important for speech and language, regulates gene expression programs consistent with subplate neuron expression patterns. These transcriptional profiles have unique overlaps with in vivo data from human fetal brain. We also distinguish DNA-dependent and DNA-independent mechanisms for human FOXP2 to repress patterns of germinal zone expression and promote excitatory neuron gene expression patterns.

2019-05-07 | GSE111353 | GEO

Humanized Foxp2 Accelerates Making Transitions From Declarative to Procedural Learning

Project description:Purpose: Foxp2 is the first and for now the only gene connected to speech and language in humans. Two aminoacid substitutions took place in this protein during recent human evolution, after our split from the last common ancestor with chimpanzees, and are most likely to have undergone positive selection in human lineage (Enard et al., 2002). Methods: Transgenic mice in which the wild-type (murine) version of Foxp2 was replaced with the one bearing two human-specific amino acid substitutions (i.e. "humanized" Foxp2) - Foxp2hum/hum, have been compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts in terms of behavior, electrophysiology and striatal gene expression. The latter was analyzed through RNA-sequencing performed on pooled indexed libraries on three flow cells on Illumina GAIIx. The reads were mapped to mouse genome (mm9) by TopHat 1.4.1 and were counted using Bedtools. mRNA profiles were obtained with more than 20 million reads for every sample. Differential gene expression was analyzed with DESeq using multifactor model (Anders and Huber, 2010). Results: Wild-type and Foxp2hum/hum mice did not show any significant differences in expression at individual gene level, neither in dorsomedial nor in dorsolateral striatum. However, when genes were grouped into functional categories and analyzed accordingly, this revealed a significant downregulation of functional categories related to synaptic signalling and plasticity in dorsomedial striatum of Foxp2hum/hum mice. RNA-sequencing was performed on dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum of wild-type and Foxp2hum/hum mice, on three flow cells Illumina GAIIx. The libraries from each sample were indexed and pooled together.

2014-09-24 | E-GEOD-60659 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Sex-specific social behavior and amygdala proteomic deficits in Foxp2+/- mutant mice

Project description:In humans, mutations in the transcription factor encoding gene, FOXP2, are associated with language and Autism Spectrum (ASD) Disorders, the latter characterized by deficits in social interactions. However, little is known regarding the function of Foxp2 in male or female social behavior. Our previous studies in mice revealed high expression of Foxp2 within the medial subnucleus of the amygdala (MeA), a limbic brain region highly implicated in innate social behaviors such as mating, aggression, and parental care. Here, using a comprehensive panel of behavioral tests in male and female Foxp2+/- heterozygous mice, we investigated the role Foxp2 plays in MeA-linked innate social behaviors. We reveal significant deficits in olfactory processing, social interaction, mating, aggressive and parental behaviors. Interestingly, some of these deficits displayed in a sex-specific manner. To examine the consequences of Foxp2 loss of function specifically in the MeA, we conducted a proteomic analysis of microdissected MeA tissue and found sex differences in a host of proteins implicated in neuronal communication, connectivity and dopamine signaling. Consistent with this, we discovered that MeA Foxp2-lineage cells were responsive to dopamine with differences between males and females. Thus, our findings reveal a central and sex-specific role for Foxp2 in social behavior and MeA function.

2021-07-07 | PXD026978 | Pride

Humanized Foxp2 Accelerates Making Transitions From Declarative to Procedural Learning

2014-09-24 | GSE60659 | GEO

Altered social behavior in mice carrying a cortical Foxp2 deletion

Project description:Genetic disruptions of the forkhead box transcription factor FOXP2 in humans cause an autosomal-dominant speech and language disorder. While FOXP2 expression pattern are highly conserved, its role in specific brain areas for mammalian social behaviors remains largely unknown. Here we studied mice carrying a homozygous cortical Foxp2 deletion. The postnatal development and gross morphological architecture of mutant mice was indistinguishable from wildtype (WT) littermates. Unbiased behavioral profiling of adult mice revealed abnormalities in approach behavior towards conspecifics as well as in the reciprocal responses of WT interaction partners. Furthermore mutant mice showed alterations in acoustical parameters of ultrasonic vocalizations (USV), which also differed in function of the social context. Cell type-specific gene expression profiling of cortical pyramidal neurons revealed aberrant regulation of genes involved in social behavior. In particular Foxp2 mutants showed the downregulation of Mint2 (Apba2), a gene involved in approach behavior in mice and autism spectrum disorder in humans. Taken together these data demonstrate that cortical Foxp2 is required for normal social behaviors in mice.

2018-12-18 | GSE109596 | GEO

FOXP2's impact on the primate transcriptome

Project description:The transcription repressor FOXP2 is a crucial player in nervous system evolution and development of humans and songbirds. In spite of its relevance, the FOXP2-controlled network and its functional implications are only partially understood. Therefore, we analyzed the transcriptomes of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) stably overexpressing human, chimpanzee, macaque, and marmoset FOXP2 cDNAs. Clones carrying empty vector served as a standard of baseline expression. All conditions were represented by two biological replicates (A, B), each. By comparing expression levels (bases which map per kb of exon model per million mapped bases) across the different conditions we were able to identify genes with differential expression in clones overexpressing human FOXP2 relative to each other condition.

2017-08-31 | GSE100291 | GEO

Cortical Foxp2 supports behavioral flexibility and developmental dopamine D1 receptor expression

Project description:FoxP2 encodes a forkhead box transcription factor required for the development of neural circuits underlying language, vocalization, and motor-skill learning. Recent genetic studies have associated FOXP2 variation with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), and within the cortex, it is coexpressed and interacts with other NDD-associated transcription factors. Cortical Foxp2 is required in mice for proper social interactions, but its role in other NDD-relevant behaviors is unknown. Here, we characterized such behaviors and their potential underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms in cortex-specific Foxp2 conditional knockout mice. These mice showed deficits in reversal learning without increased anxiety or hyperactivity. In contrast, they emitted normal vocalizations save for a decrease in loudness of neonatal calls. These behavioral phenotypes were accompanied by decreases in cortical dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) expression at neonatal and adult stages, while general cortical development remained unaffected. Finally, using single-cell transcriptomics, we identified neonatal D1R-expressing cell types in frontal cortex and found changes in D1R cell type composition and gene expression upon cortical Foxp2 deletion. Together these data support a role for Foxp2 in the development of dopamine-modulated cortical circuits potentially relevant to NDDs.

2020-04-21 | GSE130653 | GEO

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