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PCSK9 is involved in human induced pluripotent stem cell proliferation through the regulation of the NODAL signaling pathway

ABSTRACT: Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of LDL cholesterol metabolism and the target of lipid-lowering drugs. PCSK9 is mainly expressed in hepatocyte. Here, we show that PCSK9 is highly expressed in undifferentiated hiPSCs. PCSK9 inhibition in hiPSCs with the use of shRNA, CRISPR/cas9-mediated knockout or endogenous PCSK9 loss-of-function mutation R104C/V114A unveiled its new role as a potential cell cycle regulator through the NODAL signaling pathway. Indeed, PCSK9 inhibition leads to a decrease of SMAD2 phosphorylation and hiPSCs proliferation. Conversely, PCSK9 overexpression stimulates hiPSCs proliferation. PCSK9 can interfere with the NODAL pathway by regulating the expression of its endogenous inhibitor DACT2, which is involved in the TGFß-R1 lysosomal degradation. Using different PCSK9 constructs we show that PCSK9 interacts with DACT2 through its CHRD domain. Altogether these data highlight a new role of PCSK9 in cellular proliferation and development, beyond its canonical effect on lipid metabolism.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE181481 | GEO | 2021/08/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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PCSK9 is involved in human induced pluripotent stem cell proliferation through the regulation of the NODAL signaling pathway II

Project description:Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of LDL cholesterol metabolism and the target of lipid-lowering drugs. PCSK9 is mainly expressed in hepatocyte. Here, we show that PCSK9 is highly expressed in undifferentiated hiPSCs. PCSK9 inhibition in hiPSCs with the use of shRNA, CRISPR/cas9-mediated knockout or endogenous PCSK9 loss-of-function mutation R104C/V114A unveiled its new role as a potential cell cycle regulator through the NODAL signaling pathway. Indeed, PCSK9 inhibition leads to a decrease of SMAD2 phosphorylation and hiPSCs proliferation. Conversely, PCSK9 overexpression stimulates hiPSCs proliferation. PCSK9 can interfere with the NODAL pathway by regulating the expression of its endogenous inhibitor DACT2, which is involved in the TGFß-R1 lysosomal degradation. Using different PCSK9 constructs we show that PCSK9 interacts with DACT2 through its CHRD domain. Altogether these data highlight a new role of PCSK9 in cellular proliferation and development, beyond its canonical effect on lipid metabolism.

2021-08-07 | GSE181610 | GEO

PCSK9, a promising novel target for age-related cardiovascular dysfunction

Project description:Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death among elderly people. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is an important regulator of cholesterol metabolism. Herein, we investigated the role of PCSK9 in age-related CVD. Both in humans and rats, sPCSK9 correlated positively with increasing age and the development of cardiovascular dysfunction. Network analysis identified PCSK9 as an important factor in age-associated lipid alterations and it correlated positively with intima media thickness, a clinical parameter of CVD risk. PCSK9 inhibition with alirocumab effectively reduced the CVD progression in aging rats suggesting that PCSK9 plays an important role in cardiovascular aging.

2023-08-09 | GSE225859 | GEO

Atlas of miRNome variations in different dyslipidemic conditions: a study in C57Bl/6, Ldlr-KO, and Pcsk9-KO mice.

Project description:In this study, mice with different genotypes and fed diets with different lipid content were enrolled, aiming to set up an atlas of miRNA expression levels in different organs with a relevant role in lipid/lipoprotein metabolism. Specifically, three genotypes were investigated: C57Bl/6 mice as controls, together with mice knock-out (KO) for LDLr (low-density lipoprotein receptor) and for PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9). LDLr and PCSK9 are both involved in LDL turnover, the former mediating LDL clearance [PMID: 19299327], the latter causing the degradation of the LDLr protein [PMID: 17080197]. As a result, LDLrKO mice, because of their impaired LDL catabolism, are hypercholesterolemic and prone to atherosclerosis development, particularly when fed high-fat, cholesterol-containing diets [PMID: 8349823; PMID: 8182121]. On the contrary, PCSK9KO mice, characterized by an accelerated LDL catabolism, are hypocholesterolemic and atherosclerosis resistant [PMID: 15805190]. miRNA expression was investigated in liver, intestine, aorta, white adipose tissue and brain of mice on both standard and Western diet.

2023-09-06 | GSE227578 | GEO

Urine-sample-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells as a model to study PCSK9-mediated autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia

Project description:Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a critical modulator of cholesterol homeostasis. Whereas PCSK9 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations are associated with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH) and premature atherosclerosis, PCSK9 loss-of-function (LOF) mutations have a cardio-protective effect and in some cases can lead to familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL). However, limitations of the currently available cellular models preclude deciphering the consequences of PCSK9 mutation further. We aimed to validate urine-sample-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (UhiPSCs) as an appropriate tool to model PCSK9-mediated ADH and FHBL. To achieve our goal, urine-sample-derived somatic cells were reprogrammed into hiPSCs by using episomal vectors. UhiPSC were efficiently differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). Compared to control cells, cells originally derived AQ3 from an individual with ADH (HLC-S127R) secreted less PCSK9 in the media (−38.5%; P=0.038) and had a 71% decrease (P<0.001) of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, whereas cells originally derived from an individual with FHBL (HLC-R104C/V114A) displayed a strong decrease in PCSK9 secretion (−89.7%; P<0.001) and had a 106% increase (P=0.0104) of LDL uptake. Pravastatin treatment significantly enhanced LDL receptor (LDLR) and PCSK9 mRNA gene expression, as well as PCSK9 secretion and LDL uptake in both control and S127R HLCs. Pravastatin treatment of multiple clones led to an average increase of LDL uptake of 2.19±0.77-fold in HLC-S127R compared to 1.38±0.49 fold in control HLCs (P<0.01), in line with the good response to statin treatment of individuals carrying the S127R mutation (mean LDL cholesterol reduction=60.4%, n=5). In conclusion, urine samples provide an attractive and convenient source of somatic cells for reprogramming and hepatocyte differentiation, but also a powerful tool to further decipher PCSK9 mutations and function.

2015-12-01 | GSE75545 | GEO

CELL LYSATE DATA only from “Selective stalling of human translation through small molecule engagement of the ribosome nascent chain”

Project description:Human genetics as well as pharmacological intervention reveal that Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) plays a key role in regulating the levels of plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Here we demonstrate that the compound PF-06446846 inhibits translation of PCSK9 by stalling the ribosome near codon 34 of its messenger RNA. Inhibition by PF-06446846 is sensitive to the amino acid sequence of the PCSK9 nascent chain, and not the messenger RNA. PF-06446846 also reduces plasma PCSK9 and total cholesterol levels in rats following oral dosing. Using ribosome profiling to examine the proteome-wide effects of PF-06446846, we find that it is exceptionally specific for PCSK9 and has no measurable effect on 99.7% of the translatome at concentrations sufficient for 90% inhibition of PCSK9 expression. Together, PF-06446846 represents the first example of an orally administered small molecule directly targeting PCSK9 that functions by a mechanism inhibiting translation during elongation with a high degree of selectivity. Selective inhibition of translation in human may represent a new approach to target proteins with small molecules.

2017-03-27 | PXD005835 | Pride

SECRETOME DATA only from “Selective stalling of human translation through small molecule engagement of the ribosome nascent chain”

2017-03-27 | PXD005822 | Pride

Marine biogenics in sea spray aerosols interact with the mTOR signaling pathway

Project description:Sea spray aerosols (SSAs) have profound effects on our climate and ecosystems. They also contain microbiota and biogenic molecules which could affect human health. Yet the exposure and effects of SSAs on human health remain poorly studied. Here, we exposed human lung cancer cells to extracts of a natural sea spray aerosol collected at the seashore in Belgium, a laboratory-generated SSA, the marine algal toxin homoyessotoxin and a chemical inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We observed significant increased expression of genes related to the mTOR pathway and Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) after exposure to homoyessotoxin and the laboratory-generated SSA. In contrast, we observed a significant decrease in gene expression in the mTOR pathway and of PCSK9 after exposure to the natural SSA and the mTOR inhibitor, suggesting induction of apoptosis. Our results indicate that marine biogenics in SSAs interact with PCSK9 and the mTOR pathway and can be used in new potential pharmaceutical applications. Overall, our results provide a substantial molecular evidence base for potential beneficial health effects at environmentally relevant concentrations of natural SSAs.

2018-12-27 | GSE113144 | GEO

Covalent linkage of the DNA repair template to the CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease enhances homology-directed repair

Project description:Based on the hypothesis that, enhancing the local concentration of donor oligos could increase the correction rates, we generated and tested novel CRISPR-Cas9 systems, in which the DNA repair template is covalently conjugated to Cas9 (RNPD system). To validate our results from the HEK293T reporter cells, we here tested our approach at different endogenous genomic loci and in different cell types. We first targeted the human beta globin (HBB) locus in the K562 cell line, and analyzed correction- and editing frequencies using next generation sequencing (NGS). Next we targeted the Rosa26 and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) locus in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Here, RNPD system was always compared to Cas9 SNAP-tag fusion proteins with uncoupled donor oligos. To also directly compare the engineered RNPD system to the classical CRISPR-Cas9 system, we performed experiments where we used wild-type Cas9 with the uncoupled donor oligos as a control. We therefore targeted the fluorescent reporter locus as well as the endogenous loci HBB, empty spiracles homeobox 1 (EMX1), and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in HEK293T cells. Finally, we performed the analysis of three computationally predicted off-target sites of the reporter locus.

2018-06-04 | E-MTAB-6808 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Hypomorphic ASGR1 Modulates Lipid Homeostasis via SREBPs Network

Project description:A population genetic study identified that the asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) mutation carriers had significantly lower non-HDL-c levels and reduced risks of cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism behind this phenomenon remained unclear. Here, we established Asgr1 knockout mice that represented a plasma lipid profile with significantly lower non-HDL-c and triglyceride caused by decreased secretion and increased uptake of VLDL/LDL. These two phenotypes were linked with the decreased expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), two key target genes of the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). Furthermore, there were less nSREBPs on account of more SREBPs being trapped in endoplasmic reticulum, which was caused by an increased expression of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1), an anchor of SREBPs. Logically, two rescue experiments were conducted in ASGR1 deficient condition. Both INSIG1 knockdown and ASGR1 rescue independently reversed the ASGR1-mutated phenotypes, restoring the SREBP signaling manifested by improved APOB secretion and reduced LDL uptake. Our observation demonstrated a novel axis of ASGR1-INSIG1-SREBPs regulating lipid hemostasis, and hypomorphic manipulation of ASGR1 leads to significant reduction of lipid content via less nSREBPs. It provides multiple potential targets, including ASGR, for lipid-lowering drug development.

2021-12-31 | GSE178370 | GEO

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals subtype-specific molecular profiles in Nrf2-deficient macrophages from murine atherosclerotic aortas

Project description:The aim of this study was to analyze the transcriptome of diverse Nrf2-deficient macrophage subpopulations from murine atherosclerotic aortas. Mice with transcriptionally inactive Nrf2 in Cdh5-expressing cells (Nrf2Cdh5tKO) were used in the experiments. These mice lack transcriptional Nrf2 activity in endothelial cells, but also in a proportion of leukocytes. We confirmed that the bone marrow-derived and tissue-resident macrophages isolated from Nrf2Cdh5tKO mice exhibit a significant decline in Nrf2 activity. Atherosclerosis was induced in Nrf2Cdh5tKO and appropriate control mice via adeno-associated viral vector (AAV)-mediated overexpression of murine proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) in the liver and high-fat diet feeding. After 21 weeks, live aortic cells were sorted on FACS and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed. Our findings indicate that Nrf2 deficiency in aortic macrophages leads to subtype-specific transcriptomic changes associated with inflammation, iron homeostasis, cell injury or death pathways. This may help understanding the role of aging-associated decline of Nrf2 activity and the function of specific macrophage subtypes in atherosclerotic lesion development.

2023-10-22 | GSE245820 | GEO

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