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A human hereditary cardiomyopathy shares a genetic substrate with bicuspid aortic valve

ABSTRACT: The complex genetics underlying human cardiac disease is evidenced by its heterogenous manifestation, multigenic basis and sporadic occurrence. These features have hampered disease modelling and mechanistic understanding. Here, we show that two structural cardiac diseases, left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), can be caused by a combined set of inherited heterozygous mutations. We used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to generate mice harboring two mutations in the NOTCH ligand regulator MINDBOMB1 identified in LVNC families. One Mib1 mutation causes LVNC only in heteroallelic combination with a conditional Mib1 allele, while the other leads to BAV in a NOTCH-sensitized genetic background. These data suggest that the LVNC phenotype may be influenced by genetic modifiers present in these families, while valve defects are very sensitive to NOTCH haploinsufficiency. Whole-exome sequencing revealed single-nucleotide variants in the ASXL3, APCDD1 and TMX3, CEP192 and BCL7A genes, co-segregating with the MIB1 mutations and LVNC. We generated mice harboring the orthologous variants in the corresponding Mib1 backgrounds. Triple heterozygous Mib1 Apcdd1 Asxl3 mutants show LVNC, while quadruple heterozygous Mib1 Cep192 Tmx3;Bcl7a mice show BAV and other valve-associated defects. Biochemical assays suggest interactions between CEP192, BCL7A and NOTCH. Gene profiling of murine hearts and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes reveals defective metabolic maturation. These findings provide evidence for a common genetic substrate for LVNC and BAV involving MIB1 and genetic modifiers

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE185395 | GEO | 2023/09/18

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:BACKGROUND: A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of aortic valve development and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) formation would significantly improve and optimize the therapeutic strategy for treating BAV patients. Over the past decade, the genes involved in aortic valve development and BAV formation has been increasingly recognized. On the other hand, ADAMTS gene family members have been reported to be able to modulate cardiovascular development and diseases. The present study aimed to further investigate the roles of ADAMTS family members in aortic valve development and BAV formation. METHODS: Morpholino-based ADAMTS family gene-targeted screening for zebrafish heart outflow tract phenotypes combined with DNA sequencing in a 304 cohort BAV patient registry study was initially carried out to identify potentially related genes. Both ADAMTS gene-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization assay and genetic tracing experiments were then performed to evaluate the expression pattern in the aortic valve Accordingly, related genetic mouse models (both knock-out and knock-in) were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 method to further study the roles of ADAMTS family genes. The lineage tracing technique was used again to evaluate how the cellular activity of specific progenitor cells was regulated by ADAMTS genes. Bulk RNA sequencing was used to investigate the signaling pathways involved. Both inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from BAV patients and genetic mouse tissue were used to study the molecular mechanism of the gene. Immunohistochemistry using different antibodies was performed to describe the phenotype of cardiac valve anomalies, especially in the ECM components. RESULTS: ADAMTS genes targeted phenotype screening in zebrafish and targeted DNA sequencing on a cohort of BAV patients identified ADAMTS16 as a BAV-causing gene and found the ADAMTS16 p.H357Q variant in an inherited BAV family. In addition, both in situ hybridization and genetic tracing studies described a unique spatiotemporal pattern of ADAMTS16 expression during aortic valve development. Adamts16+/- and Adamts16+/H355Q mouse models both exhibited an R-NC-type BAV phenotype, with progressive aortic valve thickening associated with raphe formation (fusion of the commissure). Conditional Adamts16 mutant mouse models further demonstrated that Adamts16 deficiency mainly in endothelial lineage cells recapitulated the BAV phenotype. This was confirmed in lineage tracing mouse models in which Adamts16 deficiency affected endothelial and second heart field cells, not the neural crest cells. Accordingly, the changes were mainly detected in the noncoronary and right coronary leaflets. Bulk RNA sequencing using iPSC-induced endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) and genetic mouse embryonic heart tissue unveiled enhanced FAK signaling, which was accompanied by elevated fibronectin levels. Both in vitro iPSC-ECs culture and ex vivo embryonic outflow tract explant studies validated the altered FAK signaling. CONCLUSIONS: Our present study identified a novel BAV-causing ADAMTS16 p. H357Q variant. ADAMTS16 deficiency led to BAV formation. We then performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of 15 different tissues of different genetic mice.

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A human hereditary cardiomyopathy shares a genetic substrate with bicuspid aortic valve

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