High-throughput identification of Toxoplasma gondii effector proteins that target host cell transcription
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Toxoplasma gondii Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE229505 | GEO | 2023/07/11
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that can infect many different host species and is a cause of significant human morbidity worldwide. T. gondii secretes a diverse array of effector proteins into the host cell which are critical for infection; however, the vast majority of these secreted proteins are uncharacterised. Here, we carried out a pooled CRISPR knockout screen in the T. gondii Prugniaud strain in vivo to identify secreted proteins which contribute to parasite immune evasion in the host. We identify 22 putative virulence factors and demonstrate that ROP1, the first-identified rhoptry protein of T. gondii, has a previously unrecognised role in parasite resistance to interferon gamma-mediated innate immune restriction. This function is conserved in the highly virulent RH strain of T. gondii and contributes to parasite growth in both murine and human macrophages. While ROP1 affects the morphology of rhoptries, from where the protein is secreted, it does not affect rhoptry secretion. Instead, ROP1 interacts with the host cell protein C1QBP, which appears to facilitate parasite immune evasion. In summary, we identify 22 secreted proteins which contribute to parasite growth in vivo and show that ROP1 is an important and previously overlooked effector in counteracting both murine and human innate immunity.
2022-10-20 | PXD032319 | Pride
Project description:Intracellular parasites reprogram the host functions for their survival and reproduction. Conversely, the infected host attempts to defend the microbial insult. The extent and relevance of parasite-mediated host response in vivo remains poorly studied. We utilized Eimeria falciformis, an obligate intracellular parasite completing its entire life cycle in the mouse intestinal epithelium, to identify and validate the host determinants of the parasite infection. The most prominent mouse genes induced during the onset of asexual (24 hrs) and sexual (144 hrs) parasite cycle include IFNg-regulated factors, e.g., immunity-related GTPases IRGA6/B6/D/M2/M3, guanylate-binding proteins GBP2/3/5/8, chemokines CxCL9-11 and several enzymes of the kynurenine pathway including indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). These results indicated a multifarious innate defense (tryptophan catabolism, IRG, GBP, chemokines signaling) mounted by epithelial cells, and a consequential adaptive immune response (chemokines-cytokines signaling, lymphocyte recruitment). A notable increase in the inflammation- and immunity-associated transcripts correlated with the severity of infection and influx of B-cells, T-cells and macrophages to the parasitized tissue. Indeed, parasite growth was enhanced in the animals inhibited for CxCr3, a major chemokine receptor on immune cells. Interestingly, despite a prominent induction, the mouse IRGB6 failed to recognize and disrupt the parasitophorous vacuole in the parasite cultures, implying an immune evasion by E. falciformis. Likewise, the oocyst output was impaired in IFNg-R-/- and IDO1-/- mice, which signifies a subversion of IFNg-signaling by the parasite to promote its growth. In brief, the Eimeria-rodent model shows contrasting roles of IFNg-signaling for parasite development, identifies a retinue of potential host determinants, and epitomizes its efficacy for in vivo parasite-host interaction studies. Microarray experiments were performed as dual-color hybridizations on Agilent mouse whole genome catalog 44K arrays. To compensate for dye-specific effects, a dye-reversal color-swap was applied.
2014-01-01 | E-GEOD-49948 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular Apicomplexan parasite capable of invading and surviving within nucleated cells in most warm-blooded animals. This remarkable task is achieved through the delivery of effector proteins from the parasite into the parasitophorous vacuole and host cell cytosol that rewire host cellular pathways, facilitating parasite evasion of the immune system. Here, we have identified a novel export pathway in Toxoplasma that involves cleavage of effector proteins by the Golgi-resident aspartyl protease 5 (ASP5) prior to translocation into the host cell. We demonstrate that ASP5 cleaves a highly constrained amino acid motif that has some similarity to the PEXEL motif of Plasmodium parasites. We show that ASP5 can mature effectors at both the N- and C-terminal ends of proteins and is also required for the trafficking of proteins without this motif. Furthermore, we show that ASP5 controls establishment of the nanotubular network and is required for the efficient recruitment of host mitochondria to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. Global assessment of host gene expression following infection reveals that ASP5-dependent pathways influence thousands of the transcriptional changes that Toxoplasma imparts on its host cell. This work characterizes the first identified machinery required for export of Toxoplasma effectors into the infected host cell. Three groups of human foreskin fibroblasts are compared. Each group has 3 replicates giving a total of 9 samples. The first group of samples are infected with wild type (GRA16HA) Toxoplasma gondii, the second group with Asp5 knock-out Toxoplasma gondii, and the final group remain uninfected. All fibroblasts are generated from one donor sample.
2015-11-19 | E-GEOD-73986 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular Apicomplexan parasite capable of invading and surviving within nucleated cells in most warm-blooded animals. This remarkable task is achieved through the delivery of effector proteins from the parasite into the parasitophorous vacuole and host cell cytosol that rewire host cellular pathways, facilitating parasite evasion of the immune system. Here, we have identified a novel export pathway in Toxoplasma that involves cleavage of effector proteins by the Golgi-resident aspartyl protease 5 (ASP5) prior to translocation into the host cell. We demonstrate that ASP5 cleaves a highly constrained amino acid motif that has some similarity to the PEXEL motif of Plasmodium parasites. We show that ASP5 can mature effectors at both the N- and C-terminal ends of proteins and is also required for the trafficking of proteins without this motif. Furthermore, we show that ASP5 controls establishment of the nanotubular network and is required for the efficient recruitment of host mitochondria to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. Global assessment of host gene expression following infection reveals that ASP5-dependent pathways influence thousands of the transcriptional changes that Toxoplasma imparts on its host cell. This work characterizes the first identified machinery required for export of Toxoplasma effectors into the infected host cell.
2015-11-19 | GSE73986 | GEO
Project description:Intracellular parasites reprogram the host functions for their survival and reproduction. Conversely, the infected host attempts to defend the microbial insult. The extent and relevance of parasite-mediated host response in vivo remains poorly studied. We utilized Eimeria falciformis, an obligate intracellular parasite completing its entire life cycle in the mouse intestinal epithelium, to identify and validate the host determinants of the parasite infection. The most prominent mouse genes induced during the onset of asexual (24 hrs) and sexual (144 hrs) parasite cycle include IFNg-regulated factors, e.g., immunity-related GTPases IRGA6/B6/D/M2/M3, guanylate-binding proteins GBP2/3/5/8, chemokines CxCL9-11 and several enzymes of the kynurenine pathway including indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). These results indicated a multifarious innate defense (tryptophan catabolism, IRG, GBP, chemokines signaling) mounted by epithelial cells, and a consequential adaptive immune response (chemokines-cytokines signaling, lymphocyte recruitment). A notable increase in the inflammation- and immunity-associated transcripts correlated with the severity of infection and influx of B-cells, T-cells and macrophages to the parasitized tissue. Indeed, parasite growth was enhanced in the animals inhibited for CxCr3, a major chemokine receptor on immune cells. Interestingly, despite a prominent induction, the mouse IRGB6 failed to recognize and disrupt the parasitophorous vacuole in the parasite cultures, implying an immune evasion by E. falciformis. Likewise, the oocyst output was impaired in IFNg-R-/- and IDO1-/- mice, which signifies a subversion of IFNg-signaling by the parasite to promote its growth. In brief, the Eimeria-rodent model shows contrasting roles of IFNg-signaling for parasite development, identifies a retinue of potential host determinants, and epitomizes its efficacy for in vivo parasite-host interaction studies.
2014-01-01 | GSE49948 | GEO
Project description:Plasmodium immune evasion strategies hugely contribute to the success of parasite in its host and of various immune evasion strategies, parasite often expresses molecular mimics of host molecules to manipulate the host responses. In this study, we report a Plasmodium hypothetical protein which is homologous to its human T cell immunomodulatory protein and possess the potential to suppress the immune responses. This Plasmodium berghei protein, PbTIP, is expressed as a surface protein of merozoites and reduce inflammatory response of macrophages while up-regulating the anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-10 in-vitro. The immunosuppressive effect of PbTIP was studies systemically by treating mouse with recombinant PbTIP (10mg/kg) for four consecutive days followed by mouse PBMCs isolation and transcriptome profiling. GST protein treated mouse PBMCs were taken as control here.
2022-01-12 | GSE173309 | GEO
Project description:To understand how the interaction between an intracellular bacterium and the host immune system contributes to outcome at the site of infection, we studied leprosy, a disease that forms a clinical spectrum, in which progressive infection by the intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium leprae is characterized by the production of type I IFNs and antibody production. We performed dual RNAseq on patient lesions, identifying a continuum of distinct bacterial states that are linked to the host immune response. The bacterial burden, represented by the fraction of bacterial transcripts, correlates with a host type I IFN gene signature, known to inhibit antimicrobial responses. Second, the bacterial transcriptional activity, defined by the bacterial mRNA/rRNA ratio, links bacterial heat shock proteins with the BAFF-BCMA host antibody response pathway. Our findings provide a platform for interrogation of host and pathogen transcriptomes at the site of infection, allowing insight into mechanisms of inflammation in human disease
2019-03-26 | GSE125943 | GEO
Project description:Oral health is associated with a symbiotic microbial community and host-microbe homeostasis is maintained by the controlled immune response. Various factors can disrupt this homeostasis. Dysbiosis, which is characterized by increased immune response and a shift in the microbiome, contributes the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. Peri-implant mucosa and commensal bacteria play important roles in the maintenance of host-microbe homeostasis, but little is known about how they interact. We have therefore investigated the early host-microbe interaction between a commensal multispecies biofilm (Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella dispar, Porphyromonas gingivalis) and peri-implant mucosa at 24 and 48 h. Our in vitro peri-implant mucosa-biofilm model contained organotypic oral mucosa, implant material and biofilm. After 24 h, the biofilm induced a modest innate immune response in the peri-implant mucosa by the upregulation of 5 genes related to immune and inflammatory response and the increased secretion of IL-6 and CCL20. This controlled immune response protected tissue integrity and the peri-implant mucosa remained intact. The secreted antibacterial proteins human β-Defensins-1, -2, and CCL20 controlled the overgrowth of the biofilm by reducing its volume - without affecting the live/dead ratio or bacterial distribution. Thus, host-microbe homeostasis was established within the first 24 h. In contrast, host-microbe homeostasis was disrupted after 48 h. The mucosa was damaged and detached from the implant, due to the induced downregulation of cell adhesion related genes. The immune response was enhanced by upregulation of additional genes related to the immune and inflammatory response and increased secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL20. Moreover, bacterial distribution was altered, with an increased proportion of V. dispar. The disrupted host-microbe homeostasis could lead to incipient dysbiosis. This deeper understanding of the early host-microbe interaction at the peri-implant site may provide the basis for new strategies to improve the prevention and therapy of peri-implant diseases.
2022-08-22 | GSE136274 | GEO
Project description:Marine farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are repeatedly susceptible to amoebic gill disease (AGD) caused by the ectoparasite Neoparamoeba perurans over their life cycle. The parasite elicits a highly localized response within the gill epithelium mucosa resulting in multifocal mucoid patches at the site of parasite attachment. This host-pathogen response drives a complex immune reaction within the pathology of the disease, which remains poorly understood. A dual RNA-seq approach was employed using Illumina sequencing technology to investigate both the linteraction between the host and the parasite.
2021-04-30 | GSE166760 | GEO
Project description:Malaria is a disease with diverse symptoms depending on host immune status and pathogenicity of Plasmodium parasites. The continuous parasite growth within a host suggests mechanisms of immune evasion and/or inhibition. To identify pathways commonly inhibited by malaria infection, we infected C67BL/6 mice with four Plasmodium yoelii strains causing different disease phenotypes and 24 progeny of a genetic cross. mRNAs from mouse spleens day 1 and/or day 4 post infection (p.i.) were hybridized to a mouse microarray to identify activated or inhibited pathways, upstream regulators, and linkages to parasite genetic loci. Strong interferon responses were observed after infection with N67 strain, whereas initial inhibition and later activation of hematopoiesis pathways were found after infection with 17XNL parasite. Inhibition of pathways such as Th1 activation, dendritic cell (DC) maturation, and NFAT immune regulation were observed in mice infected with all the parasite strains day 4 p.i., suggesting universally inhibited immune pathways. Treatment of infected mice with antibodies against T cell receptors OX40 or CD28 to activate malaria-inhibited pathways enhanced host survival. Controlled activation of these pathways may provide important strategies for better disease management and for developing an effective vaccine.
2018-10-29 | GSE114718 | GEO