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Neuronal deletion of the circadian clock gene Bmal1 induces cell-autonomous dopaminergic neurodegeneration

ABSTRACT: Circadian rhythm dysfunction is a hallmark of Parkinson Disease (PD), and diminished expression of the core clock gene Bmal1 has been described in PD patients. BMAL1 is required for core circadian clock function, but also serves non-rhythmic functions. Germline Bmal1 deletion can cause brain oxidative stress and synapse loss in mice, and can exacerbate dopaminergic neurodegeneration in response to MPTP. Here we examined the impact of cell type-specific Bmal1 deletion on dopaminergic neuron viability in vivo. We observed that global, post-natal deletion of Bmal1 caused spontaneous loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). This was not due to disruption of behavioral circadian rhythms, and was not induced by astrocyte- or microglia-specific Bmal1 deletion. However, either pan-neuronal or TH neuron-specific Bmal1 deletion caused cell-autonomous loss of TH+ neurons in the SNpc. Finally, global Bmal1 deletion exacerbated TH+ neuron loss following injection of alpha-synclein fibrils. Transcriptomic analysis of neuron-specific Bmal1 KO brain revealed dysregulation of pathways involved in oxidative phosphorylation and Parkinson Disease.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE241200 | GEO | 2023/08/18

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transcriptomic analysis of cortex tissue from neuron-specific Bmal1 KO mice

Project description:The circadian clock protein Bmal1 is critical for maintain circadian transcriptional funciton and rhythms. Global deleiton of Bmal1 renders whole mice behaviorally arrhythmic. However, cell-specific deletion of Bmal1 can reveal specific transcripts regulated by Bmal1 in a cell-specific manner. Here we used a BAC-transgenic Camk2a-iCre line to delete Bmal1 in a pan-neuronal manner. This mouse has previously been shown to have widespread Bmal1 deletion in neurons and to be arrhythmic (PMID: 25525750). We performed bulk RNAseq on cerebral cortex tissue from Camk2a-iCre+;Bmal1(fx/fx) and Cre- control littermates. Appropriate Bmal1 targets were disregulated as expetced in these mice. Pathways analysis revealed transcripts involved in Parkinson Disease and oxidative phosphorylation to be enriched.

2023-08-23 | GSE241218 | GEO

A local neuronal clock regulates retinal angiogenesis and neovascularization

Project description:Emerging evidence suggests a link between the circadian clock and retinopathies though the causality has not been established. Circadian clocks in the mammalian retina regulate a diverse range of retinal functions that allow the retina to adapt to the light-dark cycle. We report that clock genes are expressed in the embryonic retina, and the embryonic retina requires light cues to maintain robust circadian expression of the core clock gene, Bmal1. Deletion of Bmal1 and Per2 from the retinal neurons results in retinal angiogenic defects similar to when animals are maintained under constant light conditions. Using two different models to assess pathological neovascularization, we show that neuronal Bmal1 deletion reduces neovascularization with reduced vascular leakage, suggesting that a dysregulated circadian clock primarily drives neovascularization. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis suggests that semaphorin signaling is the dominant pathway regulated by Bmal1. Our data indicate that therapeutic silencing of the retinal clock could be a common approach for the treatment of certain retinopathies like diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity.

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Engrailed homeoprotein protects mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress

Project description:Engrailed homeoproteins are expressed in adult dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. In Engrailed1 heterozygous mice, these neurons start dying at 6 weeks, are more sensitive to oxidative stress and progressively develop traits similar to those observed following an acute and strong oxidative stress inflected to wild-type neurons. These changes include DNA strand breaks and the modification (intensity and distribution) of several nuclear and nucleolar heterochromatin marks. Engrailed1 and Engrailed2 are biochemically equivalent transducing proteins previously used to antagonize dopaminergic neuron death in Engrailed heterozygous mice and in mouse models of Parkinson disease. Accordingly, we show that, following an acute oxidative stress, a single Engrailed2 injection restores all nuclear and nucleolar heterochromatin marks, decreases the number of DNA strand breaks and protects dopaminergic neurons against apoptosis. RNA-seq data for differentially expressed genes in the SNpc of En1+/- mice, En2 infused mice and 6-OHDA/En2 injection experiments.

2015-09-24 | E-GEOD-72321 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The clock gene BMAL1 inhibits macrophage motility, phagocytosis, and impairs defence against pneumonia

Project description:The circadian clock regulates many aspects of immunity. Bacterial infections are affected by time of day, but the mechanisms involved remain undefined. Here we show that loss of the core clock protein BMAL1 in macrophages confers protection against pneumococcal pneumonia. RNAseq was performed on peritoneal macrophages from wild type and BMAL1 knock out mice.

2019-12-20 | E-MTAB-8411 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Neural connectivity molecules best identify the heterogeneous clock and dopaminergic cell types in the Drosophila adult brain

Project description:Our recent single-cell sequencing of most adult Drosophila circadian neurons indicated notable and unexpected heterogeneity. To address whether other populations are similar, we sequenced a large subset of adult brain dopaminergic neurons. Their gene expression heterogeneity is similar to that of clock neurons, i.e., both populations have two to three cells per neuron group. There was also unexpected cell-specific expression of neuron communication molecule messenger RNAs: G protein–coupled receptor or cell surface molecule (CSM) transcripts alone can define adult brain dopaminergic and circadian neuron cell type. Moreover, the adult expression of the CSM DIP-beta in a small group of clock neurons is important for sleep. We suggest that the common features of circadian and dopaminergic neurons are general, essential for neuronal identity and connectivity of the adult brain, and that these features underlie the complex behavioral repertoire of Drosophila.

2023-02-25 | GSE198948 | GEO

Cell State Dependent Effects of Bmal1 on Melanoma Immunity and Tumorigenicity

Project description:The circadian clock regulator Bmal1 modulates tumorigenesis, but its reported effects are often inconsistent. Here, we show that Bmal1 has a context-dependent role in mouse melanoma tumor growth. Loss of Bmal1 in YUMM or B16 melanoma cells eliminated clock function, and diminished hypoxic gene expression signature and tumorigenesis, which could be rescued by ectopic expression of HIF-1a. By contrast, over-expressed wild-type or a dominant negative Bmal1 non-canonically sequestered myosin heavy chain 9 (Myh9) to increase MRTF-SRF activity and AP-1 transcriptional signature, and shift YUMM 2.1 cells from a Sox10high to a Sox9high immune resistant, mesenchymal cell state that is found in human melanomas. Our work uncovers a link between Bmal1, Myh9, mouse melanoma cell plasticity, and tumor immunity. This connection may underlie cancer therapeutic resistance and underpin the link between the circadian clock, MRTF-SRF and the cytoskeleton.

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Twenty-four hour rhythms in the absence of the clock gene Bmal1

Project description:Circadian (~24 hour) clocks exist in almost all types of living organism and play a fundamental role in regulating daily physiological and behavioural processes. The transcription factor BMAL1 (ARNTL) is thought to be one of the principal drivers of the molecular clock in mammals since its deletion abolishes 24-hour activity patterning, an important physiological output of the clockwork. However, whether or not Bmal1-/- mice can nevertheless display molecular 24-hour rhythms is unknown. Here, we determined whether Bmal1 function is necessary for daily molecular oscillations in two tissues – skin fibroblasts and liver. Unexpectedly, both tissues exhibited robust 24-hour oscillations over 2-3 days in the absence of any exogenous synchronizers such as daily light or temperature cycles. This demonstrates a competent 24-hour molecular pacemaker in Bmal1 knockouts. Indeed, molecular oscillations were pervasive throughout the transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome of Bmal1-/- mice. In particular, several proteins exhibited rhythmic phosphorylation in both Bmal1-proficient and -deficient cells, highlighting an unanticipated role for post-translational regulators in 24-hour rhythms in the absence of any known clock mechanisms.

2020-02-17 | PXD009243 | Pride

BMAL1 associates with NOP58 in the nucleolus and contributes to pre-rRNA processing

Project description:The transcription factor BMAL1 is a core element of the circadian clock that contributes to cyclic control of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. By using biochemical cellular fractionation and immunofluorescence analyses we reveal a previously uncharacterized nucleolar localization for BMAL1. We used an unbiased approach to determine the BMAL1 interactome by mass spectrometry and identified NOP58 as a prominent nucleolar interactor. NOP58, a core component of the box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex, associates with Snord118 to control specific pre-ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing steps. These results suggest a non-canonical role of BMAL1 in rRNA regulation. Indeed, we show that BMAL1 controls NOP58-associated Snord118 nucleolar levels and cleavage of unique pre-rRNA intermediates. Our findings identify an unsuspected function of BMAL1 in the nucleolus that appears distinct from its canonical role in the circadian clock system

2020-08-25 | PXD018946 | Pride

Transcriptional Repressor Gm129 Modulates the Circadian Gene Expression by Inhibiting CLOCK:BMAL1 Activity

Project description:The mammalian circadian clock is a molecular oscillator composed of a feedback loop that involves transcriptional activators CLOCK and BMAL1, and repressors Cryptochrome (CRY) and Period (PER). Here we show that a direct CLOCK-BMAL1 target gene, Gm129, is a novel regulator of the feedback loop. ChIP analysis revealed that the CLOCK:BMAL1:CRY1 complex strongly occupies the promoter region of Gm129. Both mRNA and protein levels of GM129 exhibit high amplitude circadian oscillations in mouse liver, and Gm129 gene encodes a nuclear-localized protein that directly interacts with BMAL1 and represses CLOCK:BMAL1 activity. In vitro and in vivo protein-DNA interaction results demonstrate that, like CRY1, GM129 functions as a repressor by binding to the CLOCK:BMAL1 complex on DNA. Although Gm129-/- or Cry1-/- Gm129-/- mice retain a robust circadian rhythm, the peaks of Nr1d1 and Dbp mRNAs in liver exhibit significant phase delay compared to control. Our results suggest that, in addition to CRYs and PERs, GM129 protein contributes to the transcriptional feedback loop by modulating CLOCK:BMAL1 activity as a transcriptional repressor. Examination of 3 transcriptional regulators in mouse liver

2014-01-07 | E-GEOD-53828 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Circadian expression data from epidermal stem cells from young and aged mice

Project description:Circadian adaptation is thought to have maximized organismal fitness by anticipating and synchronizing physiological functions to the day-night oscillations imposed by the rotation of the earth. The function of mammalian adult stem cells is under tight circadian control, and conditional deletion of the core clock component Bmal1 in murine tissues results in their premature ageing. In addition, complete Bmal1 and Clock knockout mice show a significantly shortened lifespan. However, it is not clear to what extent circadian disruption is causative of ageing. Moreover, if and how circadian oscillations are altered during physiological ageing in adult stem cells is not known.

2017-08-10 | GSE84511 | GEO

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