Lethal giant larvae gene family functions as a tumor suppressor in skin epidermis
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE247772 | GEO | 2025/11/13
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:In Drosophila, homozygosity for tumor suppressors, like lethal giant larvae, lgl, results in neoplastic transformation of imaginal disc epithelium - characterized by loss of their apico-basal polarity, unrestricted growth and invasion into neighboring tissues/organs. In genetic mosaics, however, lgl mutant clones are eliminated shortly after their initiation by cell competition. On the other hand, lgl mutant clones generated in Minute (M) genetic background, which compromises cell competition from the neighboring wild type cells, display clonal progression and tissue invasion. To gain insight into the molecular players of fly tumorigensis we undertook genome-wide transcriptional profiling of neoplastically transformed mosaic wing imaginal discs where lgl- clones were induced in M genetic background. Mosaic wing imaginal discs carrying wild type (lgl+) clones, also generated in M genetic background, served as controls. Transcriptional profile revealed up-regulation of a number of signaling pathways, such as Hippo, Wnt, TGF-beta or EGFR. Transcriptional profile of lgl- mosaic imaginal discs therefore provides a useful resource for identification of genes/pathways that are functionally relevant for carcinogenesis
2011-06-08 | E-MEXP-2753 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The protein Lgl has key roles in the regulation of cell polarity. We have shown that Lgl is inactivated by hyperphosphorylation in glioblastoma as a consequence of PTEN loss and aberrant activation of the PI 3-kinase pathway; this contributes to glioblastoma pathogenesis both by promoting invasion and repressing glioblastoma cell differentiation. Lgl is phosphorylated by atypical protein kinase C in a complex with Par6 and either activated Cdc42 or activated Rac. Here we have investigated the role of specific Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors in Lgl hyperphosphorylation in glioblastoma. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout PREX1, a PI 3-kinase pathway-responsive Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is overexpressed in glioblastoma. Knockout of PREX1 in patient-derived glioblastoma cells resulted in a reduction in Lgl phosphorylation and this could be reversed by re-expressing PREX1. PREX1 knockout cells showed reduced motility and altered phenotype suggestive of partial neuronal differentiation; consistent with this, RNA-seq analyses of these cells identified sets of PREX1-regulated genes with roles in promoting cell motility and repressing neuronal differentiation. Knockout of PREX1 in glioblastoma cells derived from a second patient did not affect Lgl phosphorylation. These cells overexpressed a short isoform of the Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM1; knockdown of TIAM1 in PREX1-knockout cells from this patient reduced Lgl phosphorylation. These data show that PREX1 links aberrant PI 3-kinase to Lgl phosphorylation in glioblastoma, but that TIAM1 can also promote Lgl phosphorylation in a subset of patients. While this shows redundant mechanisms for Lgl phosphorylation, PREX1 appears to have a non-redundant role in glioblastoma cell motility, as this was impaired in PREX1 knockout cells from both patients.
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Project description:Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reported in various cancers including skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The molecular mechanisms regulating tumour initiation and stemness are still poorly characterized. Here, we found that Sox2, a transcription factor expressed in various types of embryonic and adult stem cells (SCs), was the most upregulated transcription factor in CSCs of squamous skin tumours. Sox2 is absent in normal epidermis and begins to be expressed in the vast majority of mouse and human pre-neoplastic skin tumours and continues to be expressed in a heterogeneous manner in invasive mouse and human SCCs. In contrast to other SCCs, in which Sox2 is frequently genetically amplified, the expression of Sox2 in mouse and human skin SCCs is transcriptionally regulated. Conditional deletion of Sox2 in the mouse epidermis dramatically decreases skin tumour formation following chemical induced carcinogenesis. Using Sox2-GFP knockin mice, we showed that Sox2 expressing cells in invasive SCC are greatly enriched in tumour propagating cells (TPCs) that further increase upon serial transplantations. Lineage ablation of Sox2 expressing cells within primary benign and malignant SCCs leads to tumour regression, consistent with the critical role of Sox2 expressing cells in tumour maintenance. Conditional Sox2 deletion in pre-existing skin papilloma and SCC leads to their regression and decreases their ability to be propagated upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice, supporting the essential role of Sox2 in regulating CSC functions. Transcriptional profiling of Sox2-GFP expressing CSC and upon Sox2 deletion uncovered a gene network regulated by Sox2 in primary tumour cells in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified several direct Sox2 target genes controlling tumour stemness, survival, proliferation, adhesion, invasion, and paraneoplastic syndrome. Altogether, our study demonstrates that Sox2, by marking and regulating the functions of skin tumour initiating cells and CSCs, establishes a continuum between tumour initiation and progression in primary skin tumours. We used microarrays to profile Sox2-GFP expressing CSC to uncover a gene network regulated by Sox2 in primary tumour cells in vivo. Two different biological replicates from SOX2-GFP+ and SOX2-GFP- TECs (control) from 2 different SCC from 2 different mice were analysed. Total RNA was analysed using Mouse whole genome 430 2.0 array from Affymetrix.
2014-06-08 | E-GEOD-55737 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Rationale: The Id1 and Id3 genes play major roles during cardiac development, despite their expression being confined to non-myocardial layers (endocardium â?? endothelium - epicardium). We previously described that Id1â??/â??Id3â??/â?? double knockout (dKO) mouse embryos die at mid-gestation from multiple cardiac defects, but early demise precluded the studies of the roles of Id in the adult mice. Objective: To elucidate postnatal roles of Id genes in the heart. Methods and Results: We ablated Id1 gene in the vasculature and Id3 gene globally to generate Tie2Cre+Id1F/â??Id3â??/â?? and Tie2Cre+Id1F/FId3â??/â?? conditional KO (Id cKO) embryos. Half of the Id cKO mice die at birth. Postnatal demise was associated with cardiac underdevelopment, enlargement, muscular ventricular septal and endothelial defects. Surviving Id cKO mice exhibited dilated, fibrotic cardiomyopathy associated with defects in the vasculature. The adult cardiac phenotype progressed into heart failure and resembled endomyocardial fibroelastosis. An abnormal vascular response was also observed in the healing process of excisional skin wounds of Id cKO mice. Expression patterns of vascular, fibrotic and hypertrophic markers were altered in the Id cKO hearts, but addition of Insulin-Like Growth Factor binding protein-3 (IGFbp3) reversed gene expression profiles of vascular and fibrotic, but not hypertrophic markers. Conclusions: Conditional ablation of Id genes in the vasculature leads to dilated fibrotic cardiomyopathy. The findings could reveal important insights into the role(s) of the endocardial network of the endothelial lineage to the development of dilated fibrotic cardiomyopathy and identify a potential therapeutic target, IGFbp3, in its treatment. Total RNA from heart tissue was isolated (RNeasy, QIAGEN) from P180 WT, Id control, Id cKO, IGFbp3 incubated Id cKO, and control incubated Id cKO. RNA was converted to cDNA, cRNA, and hybridized to DNA sequences contained in the GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array (Affymetrix). Information from at least duplicate samples was compared and filtered by fold change >2 (Id cKO vs WT, Id control vs WT, IGFbp3 incubated Id cKO vs. control incubated Id cKO) and statistical p-value<0.001.
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