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Incorporation of genome-bound cellular proteins into HIV-1 particles regulates viral infection

ABSTRACT: The initial steps of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) lifecycle are regulated by cellular RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). To understand the scope of these early host-virus interactions, we developed in virion RNA interactome capture (ivRIC), which allowed the comprehensive and systematic profiling of the proteins that interact with the HIV-1 genomic (g)RNA inside viral particles. ivRIC identified 104 cellular RBPs within the encapsidated HIV-1 ribonucleoprotein, many of which are typically found in the cellular nucleus. Notably, these nuclear RBPs interact with the HIV-1 RBP Rev, suggesting that they associate with HIV-1 gRNA during its nuclear life. Functional assays show that ivRBPs are important for HIV-1, including PURA and PURB, which control viral gene expression and infectivity through interaction with critical sequences in the gRNA. Our characterisation of the composition of the encapsidated ribonucleoprotein of HIV-1 uncovers new host-virus interactions that invokes new mechanisms for controlling HIV-1 infection.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE262435 | GEO | 2026/04/13

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Assembly of cellular proteins with the HIV-1 genome into viral particles regulate virus production and infectivity

Project description:The initial steps of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) lifecycle are regulated by cellular RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). However, the scope of these early host-virus interactions remain largely uncharecterised. To fill this gap, we developed in virion RNA interactome capture (ivRIC) to profile comprehensively and systematically the proteins that interact with the HIV-1 genomic (g)RNA inside viral particles. ivRIC identified 105 cellular RBPs within the encapsidated HIV-1 ribonucleoprotein, many of which are surprisingly nuclear. Analysis of the interactome of HIV-1 RBP Rev in infected cells revealed that most in virion incorporated (iv)RBPs likely associate with HIV-1 gRNA during its nuclear life. Functional assays showed that ivRBPs are important for HIV-1. For example, we found that PURA and PURB control viral gene expression and infectivity through interaction with critical sequences in the gRNA. In summary, the compositional analysis of the encapsidated ribonucleoprotein of HIV-1 uncovers host-virus interactions controlling virus infection.

2026-05-25 | PXD042829 | Pride

Global analysis of protein-RNA interactions in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells reveals key regulators of infection

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Depletion of the RNA-binding protein PURA triggers changes in posttranscriptional gene regulation and loss of P-bodies

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