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Altered translation elongation contributes to key hallmarks of aging in killifish brain (RNA-Seq)

ABSTRACT: Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration and is characterized by diverse cellular and molecular hallmarks. To understand their origin, we studied the effects of aging on the transcriptome, translatome, and proteome in the brain of short-lived killifish. We identified a cascade of events in which aberrant translation pausing led to altered abundance of proteins independently of transcriptional regulation. In particular, aging caused increased ribosome stalling and widespread depletion of proteins enriched in basic amino acids. These findings uncover a potential vulnerable point in the aging brain's biology – the biogenesis of basic DNA- and RNA-binding proteins. This vulnerability may represent a unifying principle that connects various aging hallmarks, encompassing genome integrity, proteostasis and the biosynthesis of macromolecules.

ORGANISM(S): Nothobranchius furzeri

PROVIDER: GSE277507 | GEO | 2025/07/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Altered translation elongation contributes to key hallmarks of aging in killifish brain

Project description:Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration and is characterized by diverse cellular and molecular hallmarks. To understand their origin, we studied the effects of aging on the transcriptome, translatome, and proteome in the brain of short-lived killifish. We identified a cascade of events in which aberrant translation pausing led to altered abundance of proteins independently of transcriptional regulation. In particular, aging caused increased ribosome stalling and widespread depletion of proteins enriched in basic amino acids. These findings uncover a potential vulnerable point in the aging brain's biology – the biogenesis of basic DNA- and RNA-binding proteins. This vulnerability may represent a unifying principle that connects various aging hallmarks, encompassing genome integrity, proteostasis and the biosynthesis of macromolecules.

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Altered translation elongation contributes to key hallmarks of aging in killifish brain

Project description:Altered translation elongation contributes to key hallmarks of aging in killifish brain

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RNA Seq of the ventricular region from young and aged killifish

Project description:In order to understand molecular basis of cardiac ageing in killifish, we have performed RNA Seq on the ventricular regions of young and aged killifish. Experiment was performed in biological triplicates.

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Project description:With advancing age, senescent cells accumulate as they are not efficiently cleared by the immune system anymore. Via a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, chronic senescent cells alter the microenvironment, creating an unfavorable milieu for neurogenesis and neurorepair. Using an innovative and rapid aging model, the African turquoise killifish, we have previously demonstrated a dramatic decline in neurogenic potential of non-glial progenitors with age. Even after traumatic brain injury, progenitor proliferation and neuron production was very low in aged killifish in comparison to young adult killifish, and overall neurorepair was incomplete. In the present study, we validated if the senolytic cocktail dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q) could reboot the neurogenic output by clearing chronic senescent cells from the aged killifish brain to re-create the necessary supportive environment. Our results confirm that the aged killifish telencephalon holds a very high senescent cell burden, which we could diminish by short-term systemic D+Q treatment. As a consequence of D+Q administration, proliferation of non-glial progenitors increased and more new neurons were generated and migrated into the parenchyma after injury. Injury-induced inflammation and glial scarring, a phenomenon only seen in aged killifish, remained unaltered. Senolytic treatment with D+Q might thus hold promise for improving brain function in aged populations, and is especially interesting for reviving the neurogenic potential of an already aged central nervous system.

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