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HNRNPA2B1 enhances immune evasion in colorectal cancer

ABSTRACT: Immune checkpoint blockade has shown remarkable efficacy in a subset of colorectal cancers (CRCs) with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H), yet the majority of CRCs remain unresponsive, in part due to poor tumor–immune cell crosstalk. Here we identify HNRNPA2B1, an RNA-binding protein prominently upregulated in CRC, as a key modulator of the tumor immune microenvironment. Despite being central within a dysregulated network of RNA-binding proteins, HNRNPA2B1 exhibits minimal cytotoxicity to normal cells. Using mouse models and single-cell RNA-sequencing, we reveal that HNRNPA2B1 depletion enhances Cxcl9/Cxcl10–Cxcr3 signaling, elevates CD8^+ T-cell infiltration and activation, and improves antigen presentation via MHC class I.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE284681 | GEO | 2025/09/09

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:We compared the expression of genes related to inflammatory cytotoxic functions between MSI and MSS (HLA class I negative and positive) gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas (GIACs), seeking evidence of differences in inflammatory mediators and cytotoxic T-cell responses. Twenty-two GIACs were divided into three study groups as a function of HLA class I expression and MSI phenotype. Comparison between eight high-level MSI (MSI-H) and 8 MSS/HLA+ (control) cancers identified 2170 differentially expressed genes (p< 0.05) after microarray analysis on the Affymetrix HG-U133-Plus-PM plate. We grouped genes in Gene Ontology functional categories: apoptotic programme (119 genes, p=5.1·10-7), leukocyte activation (32 genes, p=0.01), T cell activation (20 genes, p= 0.01), and cytokine production (19 genes, p= 0.04). Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical evaluation were used to confirm some microarray data, finding that increased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic mediators were associated with greater infiltration by CD8+ T lymphocytes in the MSI-H group (p<0.001). Finally, tumours with immunohistochemical HLA class I negative pattern were not grouped together but rather in accordance with features of the gene expression profile of MSI or MSS tumours. As expected, genes associated with antigen processing machinery and MHC class I molecules (TAP2, B2m) were downregulated in MSS/HLA-ABC negative CRCs. In conclusion, microarray and immunohistochemical data may be useful to comprehensively assess tumour-host interactions and differentiate MSI from MSS cancers. The two types of tumours, MSI/HLA- and MSS/HLA-, showed marked differences in the composition and intensity of infiltrating leukocytes, suggesting that their immune escape strategies involve distinct pathways. Case-control study. Samples were selected according to immunological criteria: those with total loss of HLA antigens and those without alterations in the expression of HLA molecules. In addition, the microsatellite instability genotype of all the samples was also analyzed, resulting in microsatellite stability (MSS) and microsatellite instability (MSI) samples. Therefore, three groups of samples were selected: MSS/HLA+, MSS/HLA-, and MSI. The MSS/HLA+ group was used as the control.

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HNRNPA2B1 enhances immune evasion in colorectal cancer

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