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Sugarcane streak mosaic virus P1 protein targets the BES1 transcription factor to subvert DAMP-induced immunity in plant

ABSTRACT: Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) is the most important cause of sugarcane mosaic disease in the main production region. The SCSMV-encoded protein 1 (P1SCSMV) plays a vital role in disease development. However, the molecular mechanisms by which P1SCSMV participates in plant immunity remains unknown. Here, we found that the relative expression levels of P1SCSMV were negatively correlated with the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase gene (XTH) in a linear relationship. P1SCSMV directly interacts with the transcription factor, NbBES1, in vivo and in vitro. P1SCSMV-NbBES1 interaction interferes the binding of NbBES1 to the E-box element on the promoter region of NbXTH1 gene and inhibits the normal transcription of NbXTH1 gene. Furthermore, we found that down-regulation of the NbXTH1 directly resulted in enhanced infection of different plant pathogenic fungi and viruses, disrupted compositions of xyloglucan and xylan in the cell wall, and thinner middle lamellae in cell walls. We found that xyloglucan is a direct trigger of damage-associated molecular pattern- (DAMP) induced plant innate immunity. Moreover, the decrease in xyloglucan content in the cell wall caused by down-regulation of NbXTH1 leads to a reduction in DAMP-triggered immunity. Our study revealed the molecular mechanism of how a plant virus manipulates plant cell wall-mediated plant innate immunity, and identified NbXTH1, a wide-spectrum disease resistance protein for both plant pathogenic fungi and viruses. Our research also provides the basis for the application of the small molecule xyloglucan and the wide-spectrum disease resistance gene, XTH, in wide-spectrum resistance improvement in the future crop molecular breeding.

ORGANISM(S): Saccharum officinarum

PROVIDER: GSE297661 | GEO | 2025/06/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Sugarcane accumulates high concentrations of sucrose in the mature stalk, with numerous physiological processes in maturing stalk tissue both directly and indirectly involved. A considerable portion of carbohydrate metabolism is also devoted to cell wall synthesis and fibre production. Previously, we have identified differentially expressed transcripts correlated with sucrose accumulation and fibre production in various internodes of the sugarcane stalk. In this study, we have examined tissue-specific expression patterns to further explore gene pathways responsible for sucrose accumulation and fibre synthesis. We performed large-scale expression profiling of storage parenchyma, vascular bundles and rind dissected from a maturing stalk internode from field-grown commercial sugarcane harvested at 11 months of age. We identified 10 cellulose synthase subunit genes in sugarcane and examined significant differences in the expression of their corresponding transcripts and those of several sugar transporters between the different tissues. These were further correlated with differential expression patterns for transcripts of specific COBRA-like proteins and other proteins with acknowledged roles in cell wall metabolism. We found that the sugar transporters ShPST2a, ShPST2b and ShSUT4 were significantly up-regulated in storage parenchyma while ShSUT1 was up-regulated in vascular bundles. Two co-ordinately expressed groups of cell wall related transcripts were also identified. One group which is associated with primary cell wall synthesis (ShCesA1, ShCesA7, ShCesA9 and Shbk2l3) was up-regulated in parenchyma. The other group which is associated with secondary cell wall synthesis (ShCesA10, ShCesA11, ShCesA12 and Shbk-2) was up-regulated in rind. We also report an unexpected paucity in differential expression of cell wall-related genes in vascular bundles. Our results indicate that there is spatial separation for elevated expression of these important targets in both sucrose accumulation and cell wall synthesis, allowing for increased clarity in our understanding of sucrose transport and fibre synthesis in sugarcane.

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Sugarcane streak mosaic virus P1 protein targets the BES1 transcription factor to subvert DAMP-induced immunity in plant

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