Targeting Thioredoxin Reductase 1 (TrxR1) Uncovers Ferroptosis-Linked Transcriptional Vulnerabilities in Lung Cancer
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE300378 | GEO | 2026/06/30
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Disulfidptosis is a recently identified form of cell death characterized by the aberrant accumulation of cellular disulfides. This process primarily occurs in glucose-starved cells expressing higher levels of SLC7A11 and has been proposed as a therapeutic target for cancers with hyperactive SCL7A11. However, the potential for inducing disulfidptosis through other mechanisms in cancers remains unclear. Here, we found that inhibiting thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), a key enzyme in the thioredoxin system, induces disulfidptosis in glioblastoma (GBM) cells. TrxR1 expression is elevated in GBM with activated transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and correlates with poor prognosis. TrxR1 inhibitors induced GBM cell death that can be rescued by disulfide reducers but not by ROS scavengers or inhibitors of apoptosis, ferroptosis, or necroptosis. Glucose-starved cells, but not those deprived of oxygen or glutamine, increased TrxR1 expression in an NRF2-dependent manner and were more sensitive to TrxR1 inhibition-induced cell death. The dying cells initially exhibited highly dynamic lamellipodia, followed by actin cytoskeleton collapse. This process involved the accumulation of cytosolic peroxisomes and micropinocytic caveolae, as well as small gaps in the plasma membrane. Depletion of the WAVE complex component NCKAP1 partially rescued the cells, whereas Rac inhibition enhanced cell death. In an orthotopic xenograft GBM mouse model, TrxR1 depletion inhibited tumor growth and improved survival. Furthermore, cells undergoing TrxR1 inhibition exhibited features of immunogenic cell death. Therefore, this study suggests the potential of targeting TrxR1 as a therapeutic strategy in GBM.
2024-12-23 | GSE282334 | GEO
Project description:Disulfidptosis is a recently identified form of cell death characterized by the aberrant accumulation of cellular disulfides. This process primarily occurs in glucose-starved cells expressing higher levels of SLC7A11 and has been proposed as a therapeutic target for cancers with hyperactive SCL7A11. However, the potential for inducing disulfidptosis through other mechanisms in cancers remains unclear. Here, we found that inhibiting thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), a key enzyme in the thioredoxin system, induces disulfidptosis in glioblastoma (GBM) cells. TrxR1 expression is elevated in GBM with activated transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and correlates with poor prognosis. TrxR1 inhibitors induced GBM cell death that can be rescued by disulfide reducers but not by ROS scavengers or inhibitors of apoptosis, ferroptosis, or necroptosis. Glucose-starved cells, but not those deprived of oxygen or glutamine, increased TrxR1 expression in an NRF2-dependent manner and were more sensitive to TrxR1 inhibition-induced cell death. The dying cells initially exhibited highly dynamic lamellipodia, followed by actin cytoskeleton collapse. This process involved the accumulation of cytosolic peroxisomes and micropinocytic caveolae, as well as small gaps in the plasma membrane. Depletion of the WAVE complex component NCKAP1 partially rescued the cells, whereas Rac inhibition enhanced cell death. In an orthotopic xenograft GBM mouse model, TrxR1 depletion inhibited tumor growth and improved survival. Furthermore, cells undergoing TrxR1 inhibition exhibited features of immunogenic cell death. Therefore, this study suggests the potential of targeting TrxR1 as a therapeutic strategy in GBM.
2024-12-23 | GSE282325 | GEO
Project description:Disulfidptosis is a recently identified form of cell death characterized by the aberrant accumulation of cellular disulfides. This process primarily occurs in glucose-starved cells expressing higher levels of SLC7A11 and has been proposed as a therapeutic target for cancers with hyperactive SCL7A11. However, the potential for inducing disulfidptosis through other mechanisms in cancers remains unclear. Here, we found that inhibiting thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), a key enzyme in the thioredoxin system, induces disulfidptosis in glioblastoma (GBM) cells. TrxR1 expression is elevated in GBM with activated transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and correlates with poor prognosis. TrxR1 inhibitors induced GBM cell death that can be rescued by disulfide reducers but not by ROS scavengers or inhibitors of apoptosis, ferroptosis, or necroptosis. Glucose-starved cells, but not those deprived of oxygen or glutamine, increased TrxR1 expression in an NRF2-dependent manner and were more sensitive to TrxR1 inhibition-induced cell death. The dying cells initially exhibited highly dynamic lamellipodia, followed by actin cytoskeleton collapse. This process involved the accumulation of cytosolic peroxisomes and micropinocytic caveolae, as well as small gaps in the plasma membrane. Depletion of the WAVE complex component NCKAP1 partially rescued the cells, whereas Rac inhibition enhanced cell death. In an orthotopic xenograft GBM mouse model, TrxR1 depletion inhibited tumor growth and improved survival. Furthermore, cells undergoing TrxR1 inhibition exhibited features of immunogenic cell death. Therefore, this study suggests the potential of targeting TrxR1 as a therapeutic strategy in GBM.
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Project description:Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is critical for cell survival under replication stress (RS). CHK1 inhibitors (CHK1i’s) in combination with chemotherapy have shown promising results in preclinical studies but have displayed minimal efficacy with substantial toxicity in clinical trials. To explore combinatorial strategies that can overcome these limitations, we perform an unbiased high-throughput screen in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line and identify thioredoxin1 (Trx1), a major component of the mammalian antioxidant-system, as a determinant of CHK1i sensitivity. We establish a role for redox recycling of RRM1, the larger subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), and a depletion of the deoxynucleotide pool in this Trx1-mediated CHK1i sensitivity. Further, the TrxR inhibitor auranofin, an approved anti-rheumatoid arthritis drug, shows a synergistic interaction with CHK1i via interruption of the deoxynucleotide pool. Together, we show a pharmacological combination to treat NSCLC that relies on a redox regulatory link between the Trx system and mammalian RNR activity.
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Project description:Auranofin, an FDA-approved antirheumatic drug, has been reported to have anti-tumoral properties but its immunological effects and significance are not well understood. This study is the first to report auranofin-induced regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion. In a mouse model with B16F10 melanoma, auranofin treatment surprisingly resulted in increased lung tumor coverage, elevated serum IL-10 levels, and a higher frequency of FOXP3+ CD44+ CD4 T cells in the spleen compared to vehicle controls. We also noted significant differences in the relative proportions of antigen presenting cells (APCs), namely, B cells and dendritic cells (DCs). To determine if auranofin promotes Treg expansion independently of tumor-specific antigens or tumor burden, we stimulated T cell receptors ex vivo in lymph node cultures from naïve mice using anti-CD3ε/CD28 in the presence or absence of auranofin. Auranofin-treated cultures showed significantly higher Treg frequencies than controls. This phenomenon was also observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures from healthy donors. Results from auranofin and a specific thioredoxin reductase 1 (TRXR1) inhibitor, TRi-1, suggest that NRF2 activation through TRXR1 blockade may promote Treg expansion and immune suppression in both mice and humans. By using NCF1 deficient mice conditionally expressing functional NCF1, we found that B cell or DC specific ROS was sufficient in augmenting B16F10 tumor burden and were comparable to TRXR1 inhibitor treatment in NCF1 mutant and wild type mice. These results suggest elevated TRXR1 inhibitor induced ROS levels in APCs could trigger Treg expansion. Finally, these findings provide a rationale for the divergent anti-tumoral responses observed in auranofin-treated immunocompetent versus immunocompromised cancer models. Given the ongoing clinical trials exploring auranofin as an anti-cancer agent, this study could have clinical significance.
2025-12-08 | PXD060423 | Pride
Project description:Auranofin, an FDA-approved antirheumatic drug, has been reported to have anti-tumoral properties but its immunological effects and significance are not well understood. This study is the first to report auranofin-induced regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion. In a mouse model with B16F10 melanoma, auranofin treatment surprisingly resulted in increased lung tumor coverage, elevated serum IL-10 levels, and a higher frequency of FOXP3+ CD44+ CD4 T cells in the spleen compared to vehicle controls. We also noted significant differences in the relative proportions of antigen presenting cells (APCs), namely, B cells and dendritic cells (DCs). To determine if auranofin promotes Treg expansion independently of tumor-specific antigens or tumor burden, we stimulated T cell receptors ex vivo in lymph node cultures from naïve mice using anti-CD3ε/CD28 in the presence or absence of auranofin. Auranofin-treated cultures showed significantly higher Treg frequencies than controls. This phenomenon was also observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures from healthy donors. Results from auranofin and a specific thioredoxin reductase 1 (TRXR1) inhibitor, TRi-1, suggest that NRF2 activation through TRXR1 blockade may promote Treg expansion and immune suppression in both mice and humans. By using NCF1 deficient mice conditionally expressing functional NCF1, we found that B cell or DC specific ROS was sufficient in augmenting B16F10 tumor burden and were comparable to TRXR1 inhibitor treatment in NCF1 mutant and wild type mice. These results suggest elevated TRXR1 inhibitor induced ROS levels in APCs could trigger Treg expansion. Finally, these findings provide a rationale for the divergent anti-tumoral responses observed in auranofin-treated immunocompetent versus immunocompromised cancer models. Given the ongoing clinical trials exploring auranofin as an anti-cancer agent, this study could have clinical significance.
2025-12-08 | PXD069997 | Pride
Project description:Mutant KRAS (mut-KRAS) is present in 30% of all human cancers and plays a critical role in cancer cell growth and resistance to therapy. There is evidence from colon cancer that mut-KRAS is a poor prognostic factor and negative predictor of patient response to molecularly targeted therapy. However, evidence for such a relationship in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is conflicting. KRAS mutations are primarily found at codons 12 and 13, where different base changes lead to alternate amino acid substitutions that lock the protein in an active state. The patterns of mut-KRas amino acid substitutions in colon cancer and NSCLC are quite different, with aspartate (D) predominating in colon cancer (50%) and cysteine (C) in NSCLC (47%). Through an analysis of a recently completed biopsy biomarker-driven, molecularly targeted multi-arm trial of 215 evaluable patients with refractory NSCLC we show that mut-KRas-G12C/V but not total mut-KRAS predicts progression free survival for the overall group, and for the sorafenib and vandetanib treatment arms. Transcriptome microarray data shows differential expression of cell cycle genes between mut-KRas-G12C/V and G12D patient tumors. A panel of NSCLC cell lines with known mut-KRas amino acid substitutions was used to identify pathways activated by the different mut-KRas, showing that mut-KRas-G12D activates both PI-3-K and MEK signaling, while mut-KRas G12C does not, and alternatively activates RAL signaling. This finding was confirmed using immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells stably transfected with wt-KRAS and different forms of mut-KRAS. Molecular modeling studies show that the different conformation imposed by mut-KRas-G12C could lead to altered association with downstream signaling transducers compared to wild type and mut-KRas-G12D. The significance of the findings for developing mut-KRAS therapies is profound, since it suggests that not all mut-KRas amino acid substitutions signal to effectors in a similar way, and may require different therapeutic interventions.
2012-01-01 | GSE27389 | GEO
Project description:Mutant KRAS (mut-KRAS) is present in 30% of all human cancers and plays a critical role in cancer cell growth and resistance to therapy. There is evidence from colon cancer that mut-KRAS is a poor prognostic factor and negative predictor of patient response to molecularly targeted therapy. However, evidence for such a relationship in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is conflicting. KRAS mutations are primarily found at codons 12 and 13, where different base changes lead to alternate amino acid substitutions that lock the protein in an active state. The patterns of mut-KRas amino acid substitutions in colon cancer and NSCLC are quite different, with aspartate (D) predominating in colon cancer (50%) and cysteine (C) in NSCLC (47%). Through an analysis of a recently completed biopsy biomarker-driven, molecularly targeted multi-arm trial of 215 evaluable patients with refractory NSCLC we show that mut-KRas-G12C/V but not total mut-KRAS predicts progression free survival for the overall group, and for the sorafenib and vandetanib treatment arms. Transcriptome microarray data shows differential expression of cell cycle genes between mut-KRas-G12C/V and G12D patient tumors. A panel of NSCLC cell lines with known mut-KRas amino acid substitutions was used to identify pathways activated by the different mut-KRas, showing that mut-KRas-G12D activates both PI-3-K and MEK signaling, while mut-KRas G12C does not, and alternatively activates RAL signaling. This finding was confirmed using immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells stably transfected with wt-KRAS and different forms of mut-KRAS. Molecular modeling studies show that the different conformation imposed by mut-KRas-G12C could lead to altered association with downstream signaling transducers compared to wild type and mut-KRas-G12D. The significance of the findings for developing mut-KRAS therapies is profound, since it suggests that not all mut-KRas amino acid substitutions signal to effectors in a similar way, and may require different therapeutic interventions. Gene expression profiles were measured in 22 core biopsies from patients with refractory non-small cell lung cancer included in the Biomarker-integrated Approaches of Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer Elimination (BATTLE). All tumors were KRAS mutants, but with different patterns of amino acid substitutions. Supervised analysis of transcriptome profiling was performed to compare cysteine or valine KRAS mutants with other KRAS mutants.
2012-01-01 | E-GEOD-27389 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Hydrogen sulfide has been implicated in a large number of physiological processes including cell survival and death, encouraging research into its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. Recent studies suggest that the cellular effects of hydrogen sulfide are mediated in part by sulfane sulfur species including persulfides and polysulfides. In the present study, we investigated the apoptosis-modulating effects of polysulfides, in particular, in relation to the caspase cascade that mediates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Biochemical analyses revealed that organic or synthetic polysulfides strongly and rapidly inhibited the enzymatic activity of caspase-3, a major effector protease in apoptosis. Enzyme inhibition was attributed to persulfidation of the catalytic cysteine. In apoptotically stimulated HeLa cells, short-term exposure to polysulfides triggered the persulfidation and deactivation of cleaved caspae-3. These effects were antagonized by the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system (Trx/TrxR). Indeed, Trx/TrxR restored the activity of polysulfide-inactivated caspase-3 in vitro, and inhibition of TrxR potentiated polysulfidemediated suppression of caspase-3 activity in situ. We further found that under conditions of low TrxR activity, early cell exposure to polysulfides lead to enhanced persulfidation of initiator caspase-9, resulting in decreased apoptosis. Beyond these observations, we show that the proenzymes, procaspase-3/-9, are basally persulfidated in resting (unstimulated) cells and become depersulfidated during their processing and activation. Inhibition of TrxR attenuated the depersulfidation and activation of caspase-9. Taken together, our results reveal that polysulfides target the caspase-9/3 cascade to suppress cancer cell apoptosis. The findings further suggest that Trx/TrxR-mediated depersulfidation may regulate caspase-dependent cell death.
2020-02-18 | PXD017144 | Pride
Project description:Targeting Thioredoxin Reductase 1 (TrxR1) Uncovers Ferroptosis-Linked Transcriptional Vulnerabilities in Lung Cancer
| PRJNA1280173 | ENA