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Prime Editing Enables Isogenic Modeling of PNPLA3-I148M-Associated Lipotoxicity in Hepatocytes

ABSTRACT: We demonstrate that prime editing enables a precise approach for modeling PNPLA3-I148M in human hepatocytes, offering a platform to investigate genotype-specific cellular responses. By combining precise genome editing with human cell modeling, this study provides new insight into the biology of a key risk allele and establishes a platform for personalized therapeutic strategies targeting genetically defined subgroups of liver disease.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE313544 | GEO | 2026/07/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Prime Editing Enables Isogenic Modeling of PNPLA3-I148M-Associated Lipotoxicity in Hepatocytes

Project description:Prime Editing Enables Isogenic Modeling of PNPLA3-I148M-Associated Lipotoxicity in Hepatocytes

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The fatty liver disease-causing protein PNPLA3-I148M alters lipid droplet-Golgi dynamics

Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a progressive metabolic disorder that begins with aberrant triglyceride accumulation in the liver and can lead to cirrhosis and cancer. A common variant in the gene PNPLA3, encoding the protein PNPLA3-I148M, is the strongest known genetic risk factor for MASLD. Despite its discovery twenty years ago, the function of PNPLA3, and now the role of PNPLA3-I148M, remain unclear. In this study, we sought to dissect the biogenesis of PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M and characterize changes induced by endogenous expression of the disease-causing variant. Contrary to bioinformatic predictions and prior studies with overexpressed proteins, we demonstrate here that PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M are not endoplasmic reticulum-resident transmembrane proteins. To identify their intracellular associations, we generated a paired set of isogenic human hepatoma cells expressing PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M at endogenous levels. Both proteins were enriched in lipid droplet, Golgi, and endosomal fractions. Purified PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M proteins associated with phosphoinositides commonly found in these compartments. Despite a similar fractionation pattern as the wild-type variant, PNPLA3-I148M induced morphological changes in the Golgi apparatus, including increased lipid droplet-Golgi contact sites, which were also observed in I148M-expressing primary human patient hepatocytes. In addition to lipid droplet accumulation, PNPLA3-I148M expression caused significant proteomic and transcriptomic changes that resembled all stages of liver disease. Cumulatively, we validate an endogenous human cellular system for investigating PNPLA3-I148M biology and identify the Golgi apparatus as a central hub of PNPLA3-I148M-drivencellular change.

2024-04-09 | GSE261297 | GEO

The fatty liver disease-causing protein PNPLA3-I148M alters lipid droplet-Golgi dynamics

Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a progressive metabolic disorder that begins with aberrant triglyceride accumulation in the liver and can lead to cirrhosis and cancer. A common variant in the gene PNPLA3, encoding the protein PNPLA3-I148M, is the strongest known genetic risk factor for MASLD to date. Despite its discovery twenty years ago, the function of PNPLA3, and now the role of PNPLA3-I148M, remain unclear. In this study, we sought to dissect the biogenesis of PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M and characterize changes induced by endogenous expression of the disease-causing variant. Contrary to bioinformatic predictions and prior studies with overexpressed proteins, we demonstrate here that PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M are not endoplasmic reticulum-resident transmembrane proteins. To identify their intracellular associations, we generated a paired set of isogenic human hepatoma cells expressing PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M at endogenous levels. Both proteins were enriched in lipid droplet, Golgi, and endosomal fractions. Purified PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M proteins associated with phosphoinositides commonly found in these compartments. Despite a similar fractionation pattern as the wild-type variant, PNPLA3-I148M induced morphological changes in the Golgi apparatus, including increased lipid droplet-Golgi contact sites, which were also observed in I148M-expressing primary human patient hepatocytes. In addition to lipid droplet accumulation, PNPLA3-I148M expression caused significant proteomic and transcriptomic changes that resembled all stages of liver disease. Cumulatively, we validate an endogenous human cellular system for investigating PNPLA3-I148M biology and identify the Golgi apparatus as a central hub of PNPLA3-I148M-driven cellular change.

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PNPLA3-I148M genetic variant rewires lipid metabolism to drive programmed cell death in human hepatocytes

Project description:Genetic variants in lipid metabolism influence the risk of developing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease (ESLD). The mechanisms by which these variants drive disease are poorly understood. Because of the PNPLA3-I148M variant's strong correlation with all stages of the MASLD spectrum and the lack of tractable therapeutic targets, we sought to understand its impact on cellular function and liver metabolism. Primary human hepatocytes (HAH) and iPSC-derived hepatocytes (iHeps) from healthy individuals possessing the PNPLA3-I148M mutation were characterized for changes in lipid metabolism, cellular stress, and survival. Using lipidomics, metabolomics, stable isotope tracing, and flux propensity analysis, we created a comprehensive metabolic profile of the changes associated with the PNPLA3-I148M variant. Functional analysis showed that the presence of the PNPLA3-I148M variant increased endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and peroxisomal β-oxidation, ultimately leading to cell death via ferroptosis. Nutritional interventions, ferroptosis-specific inhibitors, and genetic approaches modulating GPX4 activity in PNPLA3-I148M HAH and iHeps decreased programmed cell death. Our findings indicate that therapies targeting ferroptosis in patients carrying the PNPLA3-I148M variant could affect the development of MASLD and ESLD and highlight the utility of iPSC-based models for the study of genetic contributions to hepatic disorders.

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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Liver Model for the Study of PNPLA3 Associated Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Project description:In order to identify molecular mechanisms associated with PNPLA3 associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, we ran RNA sequencing on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte like cells that were homozygous for the wild type PNPLA3 allele, homozygous for the risk PNPLA3 allele (I148M), or had a complete knock-out of the PNPLA3 gene. The cells were then treated with either oleic acid or palmitic acid to induce a steatotic or a lipotoxic phenotype, respectively. The cells were treated with control medium or medium supplemented with 0.25 mM oleic acid or palmitic acid for 24 hours before samples were collected for RNA sequencing.

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RNA-Seq of isolated primary human hepatocytes carrying the PNPLA3-I148M mutation compared to the WT

Project description:Although, there has been strong correlation between PNPLA3-I148M variants and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the mechanism by which this variant drive the disease is not well understood. To this end, we perform this experiment to understand the transcriptomic changes that can be attributed to this variant. The total RNA was extracted from isolated primary human hepatocytes using RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (Qiagen). The sequencing library was constructed by following the Illumina Nextera XT Sample Preparation Guide. One nanogram of input cDNA was tagmented and amplified using the Illumina Nextera XT kit. Equimolar amounts of each sample were finally pooled and sequenced on an Illumina Nextseq 500 system, using a paired-end 75-bp strategy

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The fatty liver disease-causing protein PNPLA3-I148M alters lipid droplet-Golgi dynamics

Project description:The fatty liver disease-causing protein PNPLA3-I148M alters lipid droplet-Golgi dynamics

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A functional interaction between hepatic Estrogen Receptor-a and PNPLA3 p.I148M variant drives fatty liver diseases susceptibility in women

Project description:Fatty liver disease (FLD) caused by metabolic dysfunction is the leading cause of liver disease, and the prevalence is rising, especially in women. Although during reproductive age women are protected against FLD, for still unknown and understudied reasons some develop rapidly progressive disease at menopause. Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) p.I148M variant accounts for the largest fraction of inherited FLD variability. Hepatic gene expression profile of 125 obese individuals stratified by sex and PNPLA3 genotype revealed higher PNPLA3 mRNA levels in women carrying PNPLA3 p.I148M variant. Furthermore, we showed that there is an estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) binding site within the PNPLA3 enhancer sequence, suggesting a specific multiplicative interaction between female sex and PNPLA3 p.I148M in determining FLD.

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PNPLA3-I148M genetic variant rewires lipid metabolism to drive programmed cell death in human hepatocytes

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RNA-Seq of isolated primary human hepatocytes carrying the PNPLA3-I148M mutation compared to the WT

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