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Modulation of the DNA/RNA Binding Protein ARID5A Regulates Microglial Activation and Response [RIP-Seq]

ABSTRACT: RNA binding proteins (RBPs) shape cellular function in health and disease. However, the function of RBPs expressed specifically in the central nervous system (CNS) remain uncharacterized. Within the CNS, we identify ARID5A as a microglial-specific RBP and integrate multi-omics analyses of ARID5A's RNA, DNA, and protein interactions to uncover its RNA-mediated regulation of microglial functions. We show ARID5A regulates the splicing and translation of its RNA targets, many of which are integral to microglial functions. We find ARID5A modulates cytokine secretion, lysosome activity, and iron accumulation, as well as ferroptosis sensitivity in microglia and co-cultured neurons. We illustrate the neuroprotective potential of ARID5A modulation, in which knockdown restored dysregulated functions in TREM2 mutant microglia. Our results highlight the potential of leveraging ARID5A-RNA interactions to restore dysregulated pathways in neurodegeneration.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE328331 | GEO | 2026/04/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), have two distinct phenotypes in the developing brain: amoeboid form, known to be amoeboid microglial cells (AMC) and ramified form, known to be ramified microglial cells (RMC) alongside several intermediate forms. The AMC are characterized by being proliferative, phagocytic and migratory whereas the RMC are quiescent and exhibit a slow turnover rate. The AMC transform into RMC with advancing age, and this transformation is indicative of the gradual shift in the microglial functions. Both AMC and RMC respond to CNS inflammation, and they become hypertrophic when they are activated by trauma, infection or neurodegenerative stimuli. The molecular mechanisms and functional significance of morphological transformation of microglia during normal development and in disease conditions is not clear. It is hypothesized that AMC and RMC are functionally regulated by a specific set of genes encoding various signaling molecules and transcription factors. To address this, we carried out cDNA microarray analysis using lectin-labeled AMC and RMC isolated from frozen tissue sections of the corpus callosum of 5-day and 4-week old rat brain respectively, by laser capture microdissection (LCM). The global gene expression profiles of both microglial phenotypes were compared and the differentially expressed genes in AMC and RMC were clustered based on their functional annotations. This genome wide comparative analysis helps in identifying genes that are specific to AMC and RMC. The novel and specific molecules identified in both microglial phenotypes can be targeted for therapeutic purposes in developing and adult brain diseases. We used microarrays to identify the genes specific to amoeboid and ramified microglia. RNA was isolated from the laser-captured amoeboid and ramified microglia from the corpus callosum of 5-day and 4-week old rat brain. The RNA was hybridised onto Affymetrix Rat 230 2.0 array.

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Modulation of the DNA/RNA Binding Protein ARID5A Regulates Microglial Activation and Response [RIP-Seq]

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