Intracellular complement factor H protects neurons during CNS inflammation [bulkRNA-seq]
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE332759 | GEO | 2026/07/28
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Purpose: The complement system is closely linked to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Several complement genes are expressed in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and complement proteins accumulate in drusen. Further, a common variant of complement factor H (CFH) confers increased risk of developing AMD. Because the mechanisms by which changes in the function of CFH influence development of AMD are unclear, we examined ocular complement expression as a consequence of age in control and CFH null mutant mice. Methods: Gene expression in neuroretinas and RPE/choroid from young and aged WT and Cfh-/- C57BL/6J mice was analysed by microarrays. Expression of a wide range of complement genes was compared to expression in splenocytes and in liver tissue by qRT-PCR. Results: An age-associated increased expression of complement, particularly C1q, C3 and Factor B, in the RPE/choroid coincided with increased expression of the negative regulators Cfh and Cd59a in the neuroretina. Young mice deficient in CFH expressed Cd59a similar to WT, but failed to upregulate Cd59a expression with age. Both hepatic and splenic expression of Cd59a increased with age regardless of Cfh genotype. Conclusions: While the connection between CFH deficiency and failure to up-regulate CD59a remains unknown, these results suggest that expression of CD59 is tissue-specific and that neuroretinal regulation depends on CFH. This could contribute to the visual functional deficits and morphological changes in the Cfh-/- mouse retina that occur with age, and further suggests that deficient neuroretinal regulation of complement could represent an early event in AMD.
2012-10-02 | GSE38671 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: The complement system is closely linked to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Several complement genes are expressed in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and complement proteins accumulate in drusen. Further, a common variant of complement factor H (CFH) confers increased risk of developing AMD. Because the mechanisms by which changes in the function of CFH influence development of AMD are unclear, we examined ocular complement expression as a consequence of age in control and CFH null mutant mice. Methods: Gene expression in neuroretinas and RPE/choroid from young and aged WT and Cfh-/- C57BL/6J mice was analysed by microarrays. Expression of a wide range of complement genes was compared to expression in splenocytes and in liver tissue by qRT-PCR. Results: An age-associated increased expression of complement, particularly C1q, C3 and Factor B, in the RPE/choroid coincided with increased expression of the negative regulators Cfh and Cd59a in the neuroretina. Young mice deficient in CFH expressed Cd59a similar to WT, but failed to upregulate Cd59a expression with age. Both hepatic and splenic expression of Cd59a increased with age regardless of Cfh genotype. Conclusions: While the connection between CFH deficiency and failure to up-regulate CD59a remains unknown, these results suggest that expression of CD59 is tissue-specific and that neuroretinal regulation depends on CFH. This could contribute to the visual functional deficits and morphological changes in the Cfh-/- mouse retina that occur with age, and further suggests that deficient neuroretinal regulation of complement could represent an early event in AMD. Gene expression in neuroretinas and RPE/choroid from young and aged WT and Cfh-/- mice, 4 biological replicates in each group.
2012-10-02 | E-GEOD-38671 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like (Nfe2l) gene family members 1-3 mediate cellular response to oxidative stress, including in the central nervous system (CNS). However, neuronal functions of Nfe2l3 are unknown. Here, we comparatively evaluated expression of Nfe2l1, Nfe2l2, and Nfe2l3 in singe cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq)-profiled cortical and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) CNS projection neurons, investigated whether Nfe2l3 regulates neuroprotection and axon regeneration after CNS injury in vivo, and characterized a gene network associated with Nfe2l3 in neurons. We showed that, Nfe2l3 expression transiently peaks in developing immature cortical and RGC projection neurons, but is nearly abolished in adult neurons and is not upregulated after injury. Furthermore, within the retina, Nfe2l3 is enriched in RGCs, whereas Nfe2l1 and Nfe2l2 are expressed robustly in other retinal cell types as well, and are also upregulated after injury. We also found that, expressing Nfe2l3 in injured RGCs through localized intralocular viral vector delivery promotes neuroprotection and long-distance axon regeneration after optic nerve injury in vivo. Moreover, Nfe2l3 treatment provided a similar extent of neuroprotection and axon regeneration as viral vector-targeting of Pten and Klf9, which are prominent regulators of neuroprotection and long-distance axon regeneration. Finally, we bioinformatically characterized a gene network associated with Nfe2l3 in neurons, which revealed the association of Nfe2l3 with established mechanisms of neuroprotection and axon regeneration. Thus, Nfe2l3 is a novel neuroprotection and axon regeneration-promoting factor with a therapeutic potential for treating CNS injury and disease.
2024-02-22 | GSE253838 | GEO
Project description:Primary cortical neurons were isolated from E15 mice and after 5 days in vitro were untreated or treated for 24 h with mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium and then untreated or treated for a further 24 h with NMDA. Neuron gene expression was profiled and compared between the four different conditions (neurons, neurons+MSC cm, neurons+NMDA, neurons+MSC cm+NMDA) to investigate the molecular mechanisms of MSC neuroprotection. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) promote functional recovery in experimental models of central nervous system (CNS) pathology and are currently being tested in clinical trials for stroke, multiple sclerosis and CNS injury. Their beneficial effects are attributed to activation of endogenous CNS repair processes and immune regulation but their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Here we investigated the neuroprotective effects of MSC in simplified MSC-neuron co-culture systems and in mice using models of glutamate excitotoxicity. MSC protected primary cortical neurons against glutamate (NMDA) receptor-induced death and conditioned medium from MSC (MSC cm), but not control NIH3T3 cells, was sufficient for this effect. MSC cm neuroprotection in mouse cortical neurons was reduced by neutralizing antibodies to bFGF and associated with altered gene expression in neurons towards an immature phenotype as well as reduced neuronal Grin1, Grin2a and Grin2b mRNA levels in response to NMDA stimulation. Further, MSC cm neuroprotection in rat retinal ganglion cells was associated with absence of glutamate-induced calcium influx. Adoptive transfer of EGFP+MSC in a mouse kainic acid seizure model reduced CA3 neuron damage and hippocampal astrocytosis and resulted in the increased expression of neuronal genes that are upregulated by MSC cm, Bmi1, Ddx4, Ezh1, in the hippocampus. These results show that MSC mediate direct neuroprotection against glutamate excitotoxicity by secreting bFGF, reducing glutamate receptor expression and function and altering neuron gene expression towards an immature pattern, and provide evidence for a link between the therapeutic effects of MSC and the activation of endogenous repair processes following CNS injury. In vitro cultures primary cortical neurons from mice were protected from glutamate excitotoxicity when pre-treated with MSC cm. Global gene expression changes induced in neurons before and after treatment with MSC cm and/or NMDA were investigated using a cDNA spotted macroarray filter. Four samples were analysed in duplicate: neurons alone (untreated), neurons+MSC cm, neurons+NMDA, neurons+MSC cm+NMDA.
2011-05-01 | E-GEOD-26279 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Complement factor H (CFH) is an enzyme responsible for inactivating components of the complement cascade, thus limiting the downstream effector mechanisms which would otherwise occur were the process to continue unregulated. In view of the close structural and functional homology between β2GPI and CFH we sought in this study to determine whether CFH is a substrate for oxidoreductases, and whether distinct redox forms can be found in the plasma or serum of individuals and if so to determine the functional implications of such redox transformations to CFH complement regulatory function. This dataset relates to the detection of reduced disulfide bonds in CFH by TRX-1/TRX-R/NADPH.
2019-05-20 | PXD009558 | Pride
Project description:Primary cortical neurons were isolated from E15 mice and after 6 days in vitro were untreated or treated for 24 h with mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium. Neuron gene expression was profiled and compared between the two different conditions (neurons and neurons+MSC cm) to investigate the molecular mechanisms of MSC neuroprotection. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) promote functional recovery in experimental models of central nervous system (CNS) pathology and are currently being tested in clinical trials for stroke, multiple sclerosis and CNS injury. Their beneficial effects are attributed to the activation of endogenous CNS protection and repair processes as well as immune regulation but their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Here we investigated the neuroprotective effects of mouse MSC in rodent MSC-neuron co-cultures and mice using models of glutamate excitotoxicity. A 24 hr pre-culture of mouse primary cortical neurons with MSC protected them against glutamate (NMDA) receptor-induced death and conditioned medium from MSC (MSC CM) was sufficient for this effect. Protection by MSC CM was associated with reduced mRNA levels of genes encoding NMDA receptor subunits, and increased levels for genes associated with non-neuronal and stem cell types, as shown by RT-PCR and cDNA microarray analyses. Changes in gene expression were not associated with alterations in cell lineage representation within the cultures. Further, MSC CM-mediated neuroprotection in rat retinal ganglion cells was associated with reduced glutamate-induced calcium influx. The adoptive transfer of EGFP+MSC in a mouse kainic acid epilepsy model also provided neuroprotection against glutamate excitotoxicity in vivo, as shown by reduced neuron damage and glial cell activation in the hippocampus. These results show that MSC mediate direct neuroprotection by reducing neuronal sensitivity to glutamate receptor ligands and altering gene expression, and suggest a link between the therapeutic effects of MSC and the activation of cell plasticity in the damaged CNS.
2011-05-01 | GSE26279 | GEO
Project description:Nitrosative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age related macular degeneration (AMD). Tyrosine nitration is a unique type of post translational modification that occurs in the setting of inflammation and nitrosative stress. To date, the significance and functional implications of tyrosine nitration of complement factor H (CFH), a key complement regulator in the eye has not been explored, and is examined in this study in the context of AMD pathogenesis. Sections of eyes from deceased individuals with AMD (n = 5) demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive nitrotyrosine CFH. We purified nitrated CFH from retinae from 2 AMD patients. Mass spectrometry of CFH isolated from AMD eyes revealed residues in domains critical for binding to heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), lipid peroxidation by-products and complement (C) 3b were nitrated. Functional studies revealed that nitrated CFH did not bind to lipid peroxidation products, nor to the GAG of perlecan nor to C3b. There was loss of cofactor activity for Factor I mediated cleavage of C3b with nitrated CFH compared to non-nitrated CFH. CFH inhibits, but nitrated CFH significantly potentiates, the secretion of the pro-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokine IL-8 from monocytes that have been stimulated with lipid peroxidation by-products. AMD patients (n = 30) and controls (n = 30) were used to measure plasma nitrated CFH using a novel ELISA. AMD patients had significantly elevated nitrated CFH levels compared to controls (p = 0.0117). These findings strongly suggest that nitrated CFH contributes to AMD progression, and is a target for therapeutic intervention.
2017-08-29 | PXD005613 | Pride
Project description:Complement protein C1q is induced after injury in the brain and during Alzheimer's disease and has been shown to protect against amyloid-beta induced neuronal death. In this study, we used microarray approach to identify the pathways modulated by C1q that are associated with neuroprotection.
2012-12-21 | GSE28886 | GEO
Project description:Complement protein C1q is induced after injury in the brain and during Alzheimer's disease and has been shown to protect against amyloid-beta induced neuronal death. In this study, we used microarray approach to identify the pathways modulated by C1q that are associated with neuroprotection. Immature rat cortical primary neurons are treated with fibrillar amyloid-beta peptides and/or C1q for 3h before RNA extraction and hybridization on rat Affymetrix microarrays. Supplementary file: Processed/normalized, probe-level signal intensities from neurons treated with amyloid-beta or C1q. Median signal intensity used as global normalization method, done with JMP genomics (v5.0) software.
2012-12-21 | E-GEOD-28886 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Although elevated KCNH2-3.1 potassium channel expression is associated with cognitive dysfunctions and with schizophrenia, little is known about the pathophysiology of synapses in patient neurons and how elevated levels of KCNH2-3.1 potassium channel could lead to synaptic deficits in humans. Here, we identified specific and delayed disruption of hippocampal-mPFC synaptic transmission and connection unexpectedly associated with age-dependent reduction of SERPING1, CFH and CD74 in the KCNH2-3.1 overexpression transgenic mice, and dysfunctional interactions between hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the fMRI coupling signal during working memory encoding in healthy subjects carrying schizophrenia-associated risk alleles of KCNH2 potassium channel. These three genes are enriched in neurons or microglia, and reduced expression of these genes dysregulates the complement cascade activation underlying impaired synaptic connectivity of hippocampal-mPFC projections. Knockdown of these genes’ expression impairs synapse formation, and replenishing reduced CFH gene expression rescues KCNH2-3.1-induced impaired synaptogenesis. Our results uncover a previously unrecognized role of truncated KCNH2-3.1 potassium channel mediating reduced expression of three genes mentioned above, which enhances aberrant complement cascade activation during development. These results direct an important conceptual advance that truncated KCNH2-3.1 causes synapse loss mediated by abnormally activated complement system, rather than aberrant neuronal firing, may represent the therapeutic targets for a number of patients with schizophrenia.
2019-08-23 | GSE118989 | GEO