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Analysis of the implication of the DBIRD complex (DBC1 and ZNF326/ZIRD) in gene expression and alternative splicing

ABSTRACT: Alternative mRNA splicing is the main reason vast mammalian proteomic complexity can be achieved with a limited number of genes. Splicing is physically and functionally coupled to transcription and the rate of transcript elongation has a profound effect on splicing. As the nascent pre-mRNA emerges from transcribing RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), it is assembled into a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particle that represents its functional form, and the composition of which determines the fate of the mature transcript4. However, factors that connect the transcribing polymerase with the mRNP particle and help integrate transcript elongation with mRNA splicing remain obscure. Here, we characterized the interactome of chromatin-associated mRNP particles and thereby identified Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 (DBC1) and a protein we named ZIRD. These proteins are subunits of a novel protein complex, named DBIRD, which binds directly to RNAPII. DBIRD regulates alternative splicing of a large set of exons embedded in A/T-rich DNA, and is present at the affected exons. RNAi-mediated DBIRD depletion results in region-specific decreases in transcript elongation, particularly across areas encompassing affected exons. These data indicate that DBIRD complex acts at the interface between mRNP particles and RNAPII, integrating transcript elongation with regulation of alternative splicing.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE35480 | GEO | 2012/03/20

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA152367

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Analysis of the implication of the DBIRD complex (DBC1 and ZNF326/ZIRD) in gene expression and alternative splicing

Project description:Alternative mRNA splicing is the main reason vast mammalian proteomic complexity can be achieved with a limited number of genes. Splicing is physically and functionally coupled to transcription and the rate of transcript elongation has a profound effect on splicing. As the nascent pre-mRNA emerges from transcribing RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), it is assembled into a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particle that represents its functional form, and the composition of which determines the fate of the mature transcript4. However, factors that connect the transcribing polymerase with the mRNP particle and help integrate transcript elongation with mRNA splicing remain obscure. Here, we characterized the interactome of chromatin-associated mRNP particles and thereby identified Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 (DBC1) and a protein we named ZIRD. These proteins are subunits of a novel protein complex, named DBIRD, which binds directly to RNAPII. DBIRD regulates alternative splicing of a large set of exons embedded in A/T-rich DNA, and is present at the affected exons. RNAi-mediated DBIRD depletion results in region-specific decreases in transcript elongation, particularly across areas encompassing affected exons. These data indicate that DBIRD complex acts at the interface between mRNP particles and RNAPII, integrating transcript elongation with regulation of alternative splicing. HEK 293 cells were transfected with CTR-, DBC1- and ZIRD (ZNF326)- specific stealth siRNAs. Total RNAs from three independent experiments were extracted after 48 hours. All conditions were analyzed in triplicate.

2012-03-20 | E-GEOD-35480 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Global impact of RNA polymerase II elongation inhibition on alternative splicing regulation (expression)

Project description:The rate of RNA polymerase II (pol II) elongation can influence splice site selection in nascent transcripts, yet the extent and physiological relevance of this kinetic coupling between transcription and alternative splicing is not well understood. We performed experiments to perturb pol II elongation and then globally compared alternative splicing patterns with genome-wide pol II occupancy. RNA binding and RNA processing functions were significantly enriched among the genes with pol II elongation inhibition-dependent changes in alternative splicing. Under conditions that interfere with pol II elongation, including cell stress, increased pol II occupancy was detected in the intronic regions flanking the alternative exons in these genes, and these exons generally became more included. A disproportionately high fraction of these exons introduced premature termination codons that elicited nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), thereby further reducing transcript levels. Our results provide evidence that kinetic coupling between transcription, alternative splicing and NMD affords a rapid mechanism by which cells can respond to changes in growth conditions, including cell stress, to coordinate the levels of RNA processing factors with mRNA levels. In order to identify alternative splicing events influenced by changes in pol II elongation, we performed quantitative alternative splicing microarray profiling (Pan et al., 2004 (PMID 15610736); Shai et al., 2006 (PMID 16403798)) of RNA isolated from stimulated Jurkat T lymphoma cells, cultured separately in the presence or absence of two different drugs that can inhibit pol II elongation: 5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole (DRB) and camptothecin.

2010-12-09 | E-GEOD-25287 | biostudies-arrayexpress

H3K4 demethylase KDM5B regulates global dynamics of transcription elongation and alternative splicing in embryonic stem cells [RNA-seq]

Project description:Epigenetic regulation of chromatin plays a critical role in controlling embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal and pluripotency. However, the roles of histone demethylases and activating histone modifications such as trimethylated histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) in transcriptional events such as RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation and alternative splicing are largely unknown. In this study, we show that KDM5B, which demethylates H3K4me3, plays an integral role in regulating RNAPII occupancy, transcriptional initiation and elongation, and alternative splicing events in ES cells. Depletion of KDM5B leads to altered RNAPII promoter occupancy, and decreased RNAPII initiation and elongation rates at active genes and at genes marked with broad H3K4me3 domains. Moreover, our results demonstrate that spreading of H3K4me3 from promoter to gene body regions, which is mediated by depletion of KDM5B, modulates RNAPII elongation rates and RNA splicing in ES cells. We further show that KDM5B is enriched nearby alternatively spliced exons, and depletion of KDM5B leads to altered levels of H3K4 methylation in alternatively spliced exon regions, which is accompanied by differential expression of these ASEs. Altogether, our data indicate an epigenetic role for KDM5B in regulating RNAPII elongation and alternative splicing, which may support the diverse mRNA repertoire in ES cells.

2017-04-13 | GSE95074 | GEO

H3K4 demethylase KDM5B regulates global dynamics of transcription elongation and alternative splicing in embryonic stem cells [ChIP-seq]

2017-04-13 | GSE94739 | GEO

Global impact of RNA polymerase II elongation inhibition on alternative splicing regulation (ChIP-Seq)

Project description:The rate of RNA polymerase II (pol II) elongation can influence splice site selection in nascent transcripts, yet the extent and physiological relevance of this kinetic coupling between transcription and alternative splicing is not well understood. We performed experiments to perturb pol II elongation and then globally compared alternative splicing patterns with genome-wide pol II occupancy. RNA binding and RNA processing functions were significantly enriched among the genes with pol II elongation inhibition-dependent changes in alternative splicing. Under conditions that interfere with pol II elongation, including cell stress, increased pol II occupancy was detected in the intronic regions flanking the alternative exons in these genes, and these exons generally became more included. A disproportionately high fraction of these exons introduced premature termination codons that elicited nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), thereby further reducing transcript levels. Our results provide evidence that kinetic coupling between transcription, alternative splicing and NMD affords a rapid mechanism by which cells can respond to changes in growth conditions, including cell stress, to coordinate the levels of RNA processing factors with mRNA levels. To monitor pol II distributions, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) was performed using an anti-pol II antibody (4H8) and cross-linked chromatin preparations from Jurkat cells, treated with or without pol II elongation inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole (DRB) at 10 and 25 ug/ml respectively prior to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation, for 5000+ alternative splicing events.

2010-12-09 | E-GEOD-25494 | biostudies-arrayexpress

TCERG1 regulates alternative splicing of Bcl-x gene by modulating the rate of RNAPII transcription

Project description:Complex functional coupling exists between transcriptional elongation and pre-mRNA alternative splicing. Pausing sites and changes in the rate of transcription by RNAPII may therefore have a fundamental impact in the regulation of alternative splicing. Here, we show that the elongation and splicing-related factor TCERG1 regulates alternative splicing of the apoptosis gene Bcl-x in a promoter-dependent manner. TCERG1 promotes the splicing of the short isoform of Bcl-x (Bcl-xs) through the SB1 regulatory element located in the first half of exon 2. Consistent with these results, we show evidence for in vitro and in vivo interaction of TCERG1 with the Bcl-x pre-mRNA. Transcription profile analysis reveals that the RNA sequences required for the effect of TCERG1 on Bcl-x alternative splicing coincide with a putative polymerase pause site. Furthermore, TCERG1 modifies the impact of a slow polymerase on Bcl-x alternative splicing. In support of a role for an elongation mechanism in the transcriptional control of Bcl-x alternative splicing, we found that TCERG1 modifies the amount of pre-mRNAs generated at distal regions of the endogenous Bcl-x. Most importantly, TCERG1 affects the rate of RNAPII transcription of endogenous human Bcl-x. We propose that TCERG1 modulates the elongation rate of RNAPII to relieve pausing, thereby activating the pro-apoptotic Bcl-xS 5’ splice site. ChIP-Seq

2012-01-12 | E-GEOD-33716 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Global impact of RNA polymerase II elongation inhibition on alternative splicing regulation (ChIP-Seq)

2010-12-09 | GSE25494 | GEO

Global impact of RNA polymerase II elongation inhibition on alternative splicing regulation (expression)

2010-12-09 | GSE25287 | GEO

A chromatin code for alternative splicing involving a putative association between CTCF and HP1α proteins

Project description:Alternative splicing is primarily controlled by the activity of splicing factors and by the elongation of the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Recent experiments have suggested a new complex network of splicing regulation involving chromatin, transcription and multiple protein factors. In particular, the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), the Argonaute protein AGO1, and members of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) family have been implicated in the regulation of splicing associated to chromatin and the elongation of RNAPII. These results raise the question of whether these proteins may associate at the chromatin level to modulate alternative splicing. RNA extraction from MCF-7 and MCF-10A cell lines. Splicing changes between these two cell lines were measured using a splice junction array (Affymetrix HJAY).

2015-05-04 | E-GEOD-38864 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Argonaute proteins couple chromatin silencing to alternative splicing (RNA IP-Seq)

Project description:While Argonaute (AGO) proteins play a major role in transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) in many organisms, their role in the nucleus of somatic mammalian cells remains elusive. Here, we have purified AGO1 and AGO2 chromatin-embedded complexes, and found these proteins associated with previously described partners, but also with chromatin modifiers and, rather unexpectedly, with different splicing factors. Using the CD44 gene as a model for alternative splicing, we show that both AGO1 and AGO2 are required for Protein Kinase C (PKC)-dependent variant exon inclusion. AGO proteins facilitate the spliceosome recruitment and modulate the elongation rate of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). The recruitment of AGO proteins to CD44 transcribed region is dependent on both the endonuclease Dicer and the chromodomain-containing protein HP1g, and results in locally increased levels of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation on variant exons. Genome wide analysis of splicing in either AGO2 or Dicer null cells showed that the two proteins have similar effects on many splicing events. Finally, sRNAs associated with nuclear AGO2 are mostly in sense orientation relative to protein-coding genes, supporting a role for intragenic antisense non-coding RNAs in the recruitment AGO and splicing factors. Together, our data demonstrate for the first time that the endogenous RNAi pathway is involved in alternative splicing decisions, unravelling a new model in which AGO proteins couple RNAPII elongation and chromatin modification. Deep sequencing of small RNAs (approx. 15-80 nucleotides) bound to either cytoplasmic or chromatin-associated AGO2 complex.

2012-09-10 | E-GEOD-39748 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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