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Functional genomic characterization of germinal cells in larval Schistosoma mansoni

ABSTRACT: RNA-seq experiments to identify gene expression changes following miracidia to sporocyst transformation in Schistosoma mansoni. Schistosomes infect hundreds of millions of people in the developing world. Transmission of these parasites relies on a stem cell-driven, clonal expansion of larvae inside a molluscan intermediate host. How this novel asexual reproductive strategy relates to current models of stem cell maintenance and germline specification is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that this proliferative larval cell population (germinal cells) shares some molecular signatures with stem cells from diverse organisms, in particular neoblasts of planarians (free-living relatives of schistosomes). We identify two distinct germinal cell lineages that differ in their proliferation kinetics and expression of a nanos ortholog. We show that a vasa PL10 homolog is required for proliferation and maintenance of both populations; whereas, argonaute2 and a fibroblast growth factor receptor-encoding gene are required only for nanos-negative cells. Our results suggest that an ancient stem cell-based developmental program may have enabled the evolution of the complex life-cycle of parasitic flatworms.

ORGANISM(S): Schistosoma mansoni

PROVIDER: GSE48282 | GEO | 2013/12/31

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA209511

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Functional genomic characterization of germinal cells in larval Schistosoma mansoni

Project description:RNA-seq experiments to identify gene expression changes following miracidia to sporocyst transformation in Schistosoma mansoni. Schistosomes infect hundreds of millions of people in the developing world. Transmission of these parasites relies on a stem cell-driven, clonal expansion of larvae inside a molluscan intermediate host. How this novel asexual reproductive strategy relates to current models of stem cell maintenance and germline specification is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that this proliferative larval cell population (germinal cells) shares some molecular signatures with stem cells from diverse organisms, in particular neoblasts of planarians (free-living relatives of schistosomes). We identify two distinct germinal cell lineages that differ in their proliferation kinetics and expression of a nanos ortholog. We show that a vasa PL10 homolog is required for proliferation and maintenance of both populations; whereas, argonaute2 and a fibroblast growth factor receptor-encoding gene are required only for nanos-negative cells. Our results suggest that an ancient stem cell-based developmental program may have enabled the evolution of the complex life-cycle of parasitic flatworms. Total RNA was purified from ~10,000 freshly hatched miracidia or sporocysts 48 h post-transformation.

2013-12-31 | E-GEOD-48282 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Single-cell analysis reveals regulation of germline stem cell fate in the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni

Project description:Schistosomes are parasitic flatworms that cause one of the most prevalent infectious diseases from which millions of people are currently suffering. Here, we construct a cell type atlas of juvenile schistosomes to capture germline stem cells (GSCs) in the course of de novo gonadal development.

2020-03-28 | GSE147355 | GEO

Distinct mechanisms of germ cell factor regulation for an inductive germ cell fate

Project description:Here we employed single cell RNA sequencing to identify the transcriptional program of Nanos and Vasa positive cells and their changes during development. Our single cell sequencing analysis of six developmental stages in P. miniata revealed cell types derived from the three germ layers and expression of the germ cell genes Nanos and Vasa. We used these datasets to parse out 20 cell lineages of the embryo identified by this approach and to focus on the key transitions of germ cell gene expression and test their coexpression with key signaling components.

2022-11-16 | GSE196654 | GEO

Single-cell atlas of the first intra-mammalian developmental stage of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni

Project description:Over 250 million people suffer from schistosomiasis, a tropical disease caused by parasitic flatworms known as schistosomes. To unravel the transcriptional signatures for the larval stage of this parasite, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing on two-day old schistosomula. We described 15 populations and spatially validated our results using FISH.

2020-11-07 | E-MTAB-9684 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA Seq analysis of gene expression during Schmidtea mediterranea embryogenesis, including yolk and adult samples

Project description:Planarian neoblasts are pluripotent, adult somatic stem cells and lineage-primed progenitors required for the production and maintenance of all differentiated cell types, including the germline. Neoblasts, originally defined by Harriet Randolph as undifferentiated, embryonic-like cells residing in the adult parenchyma, are frequently compared to embryonic stem cells yet their developmental origin remains obscure. We investigated the provenance of neoblasts during S. mediterranea embryogenesis, and report that neoblasts arise from an anarchic, cycling piwi-1+ population that is wholly responsible for production of all temporary and definitive organs during embryogenesis. Early embryonic piwi-1+ cells are molecularly and functionally distinct from neoblasts: they express unique cohorts of early embryo enriched transcripts and the cells behave differently than neoblasts in cell transplantation assays. Neoblast lineages, established as organogenesis commences, persist into adulthood, where they act as agents of tissue homeostasis and regeneration.

2016-12-01 | GSE82280 | GEO

Excretory-secretory proteins released by Schistosoma mansoni-resistant, susceptible and naïve Biomphalaria glabrata

Project description:Schistosomiasis is one of the most socioeconomically harmful neglected tropical diseases in the world. It occurs following infection from parasites of the Schistosoma genus, such as Schistosoma mansoni, which must transition within a molluscan and mammalian host to survive. Previous chemical analyses of schistosome-molluscan interactions indicate that schistosomes orientate towards potential hosts partially through chemosensation, displaying a preference for naïve (uninfected) hosts. Recent advances in proteomic techniques enable sophisticated comparative analyses between infected and naïve snail host proteins. This study aimed to compare the snail-conditioned water (SCW) released by F1 resistant, infected and naïve Biomphalaria glabrata to identify potential attractants and deterrents.

2019-09-26 | PXD015129 | Pride

Identification of TOR-responsive slow-cycling neoblasts in planarians

Project description:Epimorphic regeneration commonly relies on the activation of quiescent stem cells to drive new cell production. The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is among the best regenerators in nature, thanks to its large population of adult stem cells, called neoblasts. While neoblasts have long been known to drive regeneration, whether a subset of neoblasts is reserved for this purpose is unknown. Here, we revisited the idea of reserved neoblasts by approaching neoblast heterogeneity from a regulatory perspective. By implementing a new fluorescence-activated cell sorting strategy in planarians, we identified a population of neoblasts defined by low transcriptional activity. These RNAlow neoblasts are relatively slow-cycling at homeostasis and undergo a morphological regeneration response characterized by cell growth at 48 hours post-amputation. At this time, RNAlow neoblasts proliferated in a TOR-dependent manner. Additionally, knockdown of the tumour suppressor Lrig-1, which is enriched in RNAlow neoblasts, resulted in RNAlow neoblast growth and hyperproliferation at homeostasis, and ultimately delayed regeneration. We propose that slow-cycling RNAlow neoblasts represent a regeneration-reserved neoblast population.

2020-12-31 | GSE157860 | GEO

454 Life Sciences/Roche and Illumina sequencing of small RNAs from planarian samples

Project description:Freshwater planarian flatworms possess uncanny regenerative capacities mediated by abundant and collectively totipotent adult stem cells. Key functions of these cells during regeneration and tissue homeostasis have been shown to depend on PIWI, a molecule required for piRNA expression in planarians. Nevertheless, the full complement of piRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) in this organism has yet to be defined. Here, we report on the large scale cloning and sequencing of small RNAs from the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, yielding altogether millions of sequenced unique small RNAs. We show that piRNAs are in part organized in genomic clusters and that they share characteristic features with mammalian and fly piRNAs. We further identify 61 novel miRNA genes and thus double the number of known planarian miRNAs. Sequencing, as well as quantitative PCR of small RNAs uncovered ten miRNAs enriched in planarian stem cells. These miRNAs are down-regulated in animals in which stem cells have been abrogated by irradiation, and thus constitute miRNAs likely associated with specific stem cell functions. Altogether, we present the first comprehensive small RNA analysis in animals belonging to the third animal superphylum, the Lophotrochozoa, and single out a number of miRNAs that may function in regeneration. Several of these miRNAs are deeply conserved in animals. Small RNAs were sequenced from FACS-sorted neoblast stem cells, untreated planarians and irradiated planarians, depleted of neoblasts

2009-06-30 | E-GEOD-16159 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcription profiling of Drosophila ovaries from bam mutant and stwl bam double mutant females

Project description:Abstract: During Drosophila oogenesis, germline stem cell (GSC) identity is maintained largely by preventing the expression of factors that promote differentiation. This is accomplished via the activity of several genes acting either in the GSC or its niche. The translational repressors, Nanos and Pumilio, act in GSCs to prevent differentiation, likely by inhibiting translation of early differentiation factors, while niche signals prevent differentiation by silencing transcription of the differentiation factor Bam. We have found that the DNA-associated protein Stonewall (Stwl) is also required for GSC maintenance. stwl is required cell-autonomously; clones of stwl- germ cells were lost by differentiation, and ectopic Stwl caused an expansion of GSCs. stwl mutants acted as Suppressors of Variegation, indicating stwl normally acts in chromatin-dependent gene repression. In contrast to several previously described GSC maintenance factors, Stwl likely functions epigenetically to prevent GSC differentiation. Stwl-dependent transcriptional repression does not target bam, but rather Stwl represses the expression of many genes, including those that may be targeted by Nanos/Pumilio translational inhibition. Experiment Overall Design: Genetic variation comparison between germ cells of Drosophila ovaries from bam mutant and stwl bam double mutant females. Six total samples were analyzed, with each genotype performed in triplicates.

2008-03-13 | E-GEOD-6928 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Planarian stem cells

Project description:Difficulty of experimental accessing makes in vivo stem cell studies not easy in mammals and model systems with regenerative capability represent an alternative for the characterization of stem cell-specific genes. Planarians retain a population of pluripotent stem cells, the neoblasts, throughout their adult life. Neoblasts can be selectively destroyed by X-ray allowing us to compare stem cell-less organisms with wild-type worms. We have undertaken a genomic approach producing an Keywords: X-ray, dose response, stem cells, stress response

2006-07-19 | GSE5318 | GEO

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