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Functions of BET proteins in GATA1-mediated transcription [ChIP-seq]

ABSTRACT: Transcription factor GATA1 binding in erythroblasts in the presence and absence of BET inhibitor JQ1, and BET protein BRD3 and BRD4 binding in erythroblasts in the presence and absence of GATA1. Inhibitors of Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif proteins (BETs) are being evaluated for the treatment of cancer and other diseases yet their physiologic mechanisms remain largely unknown. We used genomic and genetic approaches to examine BET function in a hematopoietic maturation system driven by GATA1, an acetylated transcription factor previously shown to interact with BETs. We found that while BRD3 occupied the majority of GATA1 binding sites, BRD2 and BRD4 were also recruited to a subset of GATA1-occupied sites. Functionally, BET inhibition impaired GATA1-mediated transcriptional activation, but not repression, genome-wide. Co-activation by BETs was accomplished both by facilitating genomic occupancy of GATA1 and subsequently supporting transcription activation. Using a combination of CRISPR/CAS9-mediated genomic engineering and shRNA approaches we observed that depletion of either BRD2 or BRD4 alone blunted erythroid gene activation, while depletion of BRD3 only affected erythroid transcription in the setting of BRD2 deficiency. These results suggest that pharmacologic BET inhibition should be interpreted in the context of distinct steps in transcriptional activation and partially overlapping functions among BET family members.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE62736 | GEO | 2015/02/23

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA265060

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Functions of BET proteins in GATA1-mediated transcription [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Transcription factor GATA1 binding in erythroblasts in the presence and absence of BET inhibitor JQ1, and BET protein BRD3 and BRD4 binding in erythroblasts in the presence and absence of GATA1. Inhibitors of Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif proteins (BETs) are being evaluated for the treatment of cancer and other diseases yet their physiologic mechanisms remain largely unknown. We used genomic and genetic approaches to examine BET function in a hematopoietic maturation system driven by GATA1, an acetylated transcription factor previously shown to interact with BETs. We found that while BRD3 occupied the majority of GATA1 binding sites, BRD2 and BRD4 were also recruited to a subset of GATA1-occupied sites. Functionally, BET inhibition impaired GATA1-mediated transcriptional activation, but not repression, genome-wide. Co-activation by BETs was accomplished both by facilitating genomic occupancy of GATA1 and subsequently supporting transcription activation. Using a combination of CRISPR/CAS9-mediated genomic engineering and shRNA approaches we observed that depletion of either BRD2 or BRD4 alone blunted erythroid gene activation, while depletion of BRD3 only affected erythroid transcription in the setting of BRD2 deficiency. These results suggest that pharmacologic BET inhibition should be interpreted in the context of distinct steps in transcriptional activation and partially overlapping functions among BET family members. GATA1 null erythroblasts (G1E) conditionally expressing GATA1 as a GATA1-ER fusion protein were induced to express GATA1 by addition of 100nM estradiol for 24 hours. For GATA1 binding experiments this occurred in the absence or presence of 250nM JQ1. For BRD3 and BRD4 occupancy experiments G1E cells were compared to G1E cells with activated GATA1-ER fusion protein.

2015-02-23 | E-GEOD-62736 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Super-Enhancer-mediated Control of Liver Fibrosis by BET Bromodomain Proteins

Project description:Here, we investigate the role of enhancers in myofibroblasts, a cell type that dominates the pathogenesis and progression of tissue fibrosis. We reveal that bromodomain and extra-terminal family members (BETs), an important group of epigenetic readers, are critical for super-enhancer-mediated pro-fibrotic gene expression in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs, lipid-containing liver-specific pericytes), upon activation during liver fibrogenesis give rise to myofibroblasts2-4. We observe significantly enriched localization of BETs to hundreds of super-enhancers associated with genes involved in multiple pro-fibrotic pathways. This unique loading pattern consequentially serves as a molecular mechanism by which BETs modulate pro-fibrotic gene expression in myofibroblasts. Strikingly, suppression of BET-enhancer interaction using small-molecule inhibitors such as JQ1 dramatically blocks activation of HSCs into myofibroblasts and significantly compromises the proliferation of activated HSCs. Identification of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, PolII, PolIIs2p and PolIIs5p binding sites in human stellate LX2 cells that were treated with DMSO (0.1%) or JQ1 (500nM) for 16 hrs.

2015-12-11 | E-GEOD-58680 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Inactivation of the nuclear interacting SET domain protein 1 (NSD1) impairs GATA1-regulated erythroid differentiation and causes erythroleukemia

Project description:Nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 (NSD1) is recurrently mutated in human cancers including acute leukemia. We found that NSD1 knockdown altered erythroid clonogenic growth of human CD34+ hematopoietic cells. Ablation of Nsd1 in the hematopoietic system induced a transplantable erythroleukemia in mice. Despite abundant expression of the transcriptional master regulator GATA1, in vitro differentiation of Nsd1-/- erythroblasts was majorly impaired associated with reduced activation of GATA1-induced targets, while GATA1-repressed target genes were less affected. Retroviral expression of wildtype Nsd1, but not a catalytically-inactive Nsd1N1918Q SET-domain mutant induced terminal maturation of Nsd1-/- erythroblasts. Despite similar GATA1 levels, exogenous Nsd1 but not Nsd1N1918Q significantly increased GATA1 chromatin occupancy and target gene activation. Notably, Nsd1 expression reduced the association of GATA1 with the co-repressor SKI, and knockdown of SKI induced differentiation of Nsd1-/- erythroblasts. Collectively, we identified the NSD1 methyltransferase as a novel regulator of GATA1-controlled erythroid differentiation and leukemogenesis.

2020-04-08 | PXD017657 | Pride

The BET protein BRD2 cooperates with CTCF to enforce a transcriptional boundary

Project description:Role of the bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) protein BRD2 in CTCF chromatin occupancy, tested by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated depletion of BRD2 in GATA1-null erythroblasts expressing an inducible GATA1-ER fusion (G1E-ER4). Pharmacologic inhibitors of the BET (bromodomain and extraterminal motif) family of proteins are being explored for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, yet the individual functions of BET proteins remain unclear. Here we find that BRD2 co-localizes with the architectural/insulator protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) genome-wide. CTCF recruits BRD2 to co-bound sites, whereas BRD2 is dispensable for CTCF occupancy. Genome editing at a CTCF/BRD2 co-occupied site reveals a functional boundary element that upon perturbation results in transcriptional misregulation. Single-molecule RNA FISH reveals that either site-specific CTCF loss or BRD2 depletion increases the correlation in expression of two genes flanking the boundary. Together these findings indicate that BRD2 supports chromatin boundary activity in a CTCF-dependent manner and suggest that pharmacologic BET inhibitors influence gene expression in part by perturbing chromatin domain boundary function.

2017-03-31 | GSE80527 | GEO

Control of embryonic stem cell identity by BRD4-dependent transcriptional elongation of super-enhancer associated pluripotency genes

2014-09-26 | GSE60171 | GEO

BRD4 inhibitor MZ1 exerts anti-cancer effects in Neuroblastoma

Project description:MZ1 is a newly designed pan-BET-targeting PROTAC that binds to target proteins (BET proteins such as BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4) and recruits them to the ubiquitin/protease pathway for selective destruction. However, the role of MZ1 in NB models has yet to be determined. The effect of MZ1 on NB cells was investigated using RNA-seq analysis in this work. MZ1 is a newly designed pan-BET-targeting PROTAC that binds to target proteins (BET proteins such as BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4) and recruits them to the ubiquitin/protease pathway for selective destruction. However, the role of MZ1 in NB models has yet to be determined. The effect of MZ1 on NB cells was investigated using RNA-seq analysis in this work.

2022-08-29 | GSE193767 | GEO

Control of embryonic stem cell identity by BRD4-dependent transcriptional elongation of super-enhancer associated pluripotency genes

Project description:BET-regulated transcriptome and BRD4, BRD2, BRD3 and Pol II ChIP-seq datasets in human ESCs before and after BET inhibition. Transcription factors and chromatin remodeling complexes are key determinants of embryonic stem cell (ESC) identity. In this study, we investigate the role of BRD4, a member of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family of epigenetic reader proteins, in control of ESC identity. We performed RNA-seq analyiss in the presense of small molecule inhibitors of BET proteins to show that BRD4 positively regulates the ESC transcriptome. We also integrated RNA-seq analysis with ChIP-sequencing datasets s for BRD4 (and for other BRD2 and BRD3) to demonstrate that BRD4 binds SEs and regulates the expression of SE-associated pluripotency genes. We have also conducted ChIP-seq analysis for Pol II binding to demonstrate that SE-associated genes depend on BRD4-dependent Pol II binding at TSS and gene body for their productive transcriptional elongation. Total RNA was extracted from samples using the RNeasy Qiagen kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Deep sequencing of RNA (1ug) from hESCs FGF- or MS436-treated at day 1 and day 5 was performed as described in (Higgin et al., 2010c). Samples were subjected to PolyA selection using magnetic oligo-dT beads. The resulting RNA samples were then used as input for library construction as described by the manufacturer (Illumina, CA, USA). RNA libraries were then sequenced on the GAIIx system using 50bp single reads. Chromatin for ChIP-sequencing was obtained from FGF-maintained hESCs, vehicle or MS417-treated (at 250nM concentration for 6h) (10 to 20x106 cells/IP). ChIP-Seq libraries were generated using standard Illumina kit and protocol as described in (Ntziachristos et al., 2012). We performed cluster amplification and single read 50 sequencing-method using the Illumina HiSeq 2000, following manufacturer’s protocols.

2014-09-26 | E-GEOD-60171 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Affinity Purification experiments for 24 human Bromodomain proteins involved in DNA repair and genome integrity (part 1 of 2).

Project description:Bromodomain proteins (BRD) are key chromatin regulators of genome function and stability, as well as therapeutic targets in cancer. In our associated publication (doi:10.1101/gad.331231.119) we systematically delineate the contribution of human BRD proteins for genome stability and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair using cell-based assays and proteomic interaction network analysis. These AP-MS experiments were performed in order to construct a protein interaction network for the 24 BRDs we identified as promoters of DNA repair and/or genome integrity: BAZ1B, BRD1, BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, BRD8, BRD9, BRPF3, BRWD3, CECR2, EP300, GCN5/KAT2A, PCAF/KAT2B, PHIP, SMARCA2, SP100, SP110, SP140, TAF1, TRIM24, TRIM28, TRIM33, TRIM66, ZMYND8. In combination with cell based assays, we identified a BRD-reader function of PCAF that bound TIP60-mediated histone acetylations at DSBs to recruit a DUB complex to deubiquitylate histone H2BK120, to allow direct acetylation by PCAF and repair of DSBs by homologous recombination. We also discovered the bromo-and-extra-terminal (BET) BRD proteins, BRD2 and BRD4, as negative regulators of transcription-associated RNA-DNA hybrid (R-Loop) as inhibition of BRD2 or BRD4 increased R-loop formation, which generated DSBs. These breaks were reliant on Topoisomerase II and BRD2 directly bound and activated Topoisomerase I, a known restrainer of R-loops. Thus, comprehensive interactome and functional profiling of BRD proteins revealed new homologous recombination and genome stability pathways, providing a strategy to understand genome maintenance by BRD proteins and the effects of their pharmacological inhibition. This accession provides AP-MS experiment files for the following subset of 18 BRDs: BAZ1B, BRD1, BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, BRD8, BRPF3, BRWD3, CECR2, PHIP, SMARCA2, SP100, SP110, TAF1, TRIM24, TRIM33, TRIM66, ZMYND8, as well as their associated controls (Input, Mock, and SBP-tagged NLS).

2019-12-12 | PXD016700 | Pride

BRD2 interconnects with BRD3 to facilitate Pol II transcription initiation and elongation to prime promoters for cell differentiation [RNA-seq]

Project description:Understanding the precise functions and relationship of BRD2 with other bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) proteins is central for the application of BET-specific and pan inhibitors. Here, we used acute protein degradation and quantitative genomic and proteomic approaches to investigate the primary functions of BRD2 in transcription. We report that BRD2 is required for TAF3-mediated Pol II initiation at low levels of H3K4me3-modified promoters and Pol II elongation by suppressing R-loops. Single and double depletion revealed that BRD2 and BRD3, but not BRD4, redundantly and independently function in Pol II transcription at different promoters and cooperatively occupy enhancers. Interestingly, we found that depletion of BRD2 affects the expression of different genes during differentiation processes, priming with promoter regulation in ES cells. Therefore, our results suggest complex interconnections between BRD2 and BRD3 at promoters to fine-tune Pol II initiation and elongation for control of cell state.

2022-06-13 | GSE160558 | GEO

BRD2 interconnects with BRD3 to facilitate Pol II transcription initiation and elongation to prime promoters for cell differentiation [ChIP-seq]

2022-06-13 | GSE160557 | GEO

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