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Opposing Roles of STAT1 and STAT3 in IL-21 Function in CD4+ T cells

ABSTRACT: Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a type 1 cytokine essential for immune cell differentiation and function. Although IL-21 can activate several STAT family transcription factors, previous studies focused mainly on the role of STAT3 in IL-21 signaling. Here, we investigated the role of STAT1 and show that STAT1 and STAT3 have at least partially opposing roles in IL-21 signaling in CD4+ T cells. IL-21 induced STAT1 phosphorylation, and this was augmented in Stat3-deficient CD4+ T cells. RNA-Seq analysis of CD4+ T cells from Stat1- and Stat3-deficient mice revealed that both STAT1 and STAT3 are critical for IL-21-mediated gene regulation. Expression of some genes, including Tbx21 and Ifng, was differentially regulated by STAT1 and STAT3, and interestingly, ChIP-Seq analysis showed that STAT3 binding at Tbx21 and Ifng loci was attenuated in Stat1-deficient cells. Moreover, opposing actions of STAT1 and STAT3 on IFN- expression in CD4+ T cells were demonstrated in vivo during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV) infection. Finally, IL-21-mediated induction of STAT1 phosphorylation, as well as IFNG and TBX21 expression, were higher in CD4+ T cells from patients with autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES), which is caused by STAT3 deficiency. These data indicate an interplay between STAT1 and STAT3 in fine-tuning IL-21 actions.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE63204 | GEO | 2015/07/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA266981

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Opposing Roles of STAT1 and STAT3 in IL-21 Function in CD4+ T cells

Project description:Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a type 1 cytokine essential for immune cell differentiation and function. Although IL-21 can activate several STAT family transcription factors, previous studies focused mainly on the role of STAT3 in IL-21 signaling. Here, we investigated the role of STAT1 and show that STAT1 and STAT3 have at least partially opposing roles in IL-21 signaling in CD4+ T cells. IL-21 induced STAT1 phosphorylation, and this was augmented in Stat3-deficient CD4+ T cells. RNA-Seq analysis of CD4+ T cells from Stat1- and Stat3-deficient mice revealed that both STAT1 and STAT3 are critical for IL-21-mediated gene regulation. Expression of some genes, including Tbx21 and Ifng, was differentially regulated by STAT1 and STAT3, and interestingly, ChIP-Seq analysis showed that STAT3 binding at Tbx21 and Ifng loci was attenuated in Stat1-deficient cells. Moreover, opposing actions of STAT1 and STAT3 on IFN- expression in CD4+ T cells were demonstrated in vivo during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV) infection. Finally, IL-21-mediated induction of STAT1 phosphorylation, as well as IFNG and TBX21 expression, were higher in CD4+ T cells from patients with autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES), which is caused by STAT3 deficiency. These data indicate an interplay between STAT1 and STAT3 in fine-tuning IL-21 actions. Genome-wide transcription factors mapping and binding of STAT3 in mouse CD4+ T cells in both WT and Stat1-deficient mice. RNA-Seq is performed in mouse CD4+ T cells in WT, Stat1-deficient and Stat3-deficient mice.

2015-07-01 | E-GEOD-63204 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Mus musculus

Project description:Opposing Roles of STAT1 and STAT3 in IL-21 Function in CD4+ T cells

| PRJNA266981 | ENA

The Cytokines IL-21 and GM-CSF have Opposing Regulatory Roles in the Apoptosis of Conventional Dendritic Cells

Project description:Interleukin-21 (IL-21) has broad actions on T- and B-cells, but its actions in innate immunity are poorly understood. Here we show that IL-21 induced apoptosis of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) via STAT3 and Bim, and this was inhibited by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). ChIP-Seq analysis revealed genome-wide binding competition between GM-CSF-induced STAT5 and IL-21-induced STAT3. Expression of IL-21 in vivo decreased cDC numbers, and this was prevented by GM-CSF. Moreover, repetitive M-NM-1-galactosylceramide injection of mice induced IL-21 but decreased GM-CSF production by natural killer T (NKT) cells, correlating with decreased cDC numbers. Furthermore, adoptive-transfer of wild-type CD4+ T cells caused more severe colitis with increased DCs and interferon (IFN)-M-NM-3-producing CD4+ T cells in Il21r-/-Rag2-/- mice (which lack T cells and have IL-21-unresponsive DCs) than in Rag2-/- mice. Thus, IL-21 and GM-CSF exhibit cross-regulatory actions on gene regulation and apoptosis, regulating cDC numbers and thereby the magnitude of the immune response. Total 6 samples were examined. Splenic dendritic cells were treated with IL-21 and/or GM-CSF studying STAT3 and STAT5B binding in the genome

2013-02-14 | E-GEOD-27161 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Asymmetry of STAT action in driving IL-27 and IL-6 transcriptional outputs and cytokine specificity

Project description:IL-6 and IL-27 have antagonistic and overlapping functions, signal through a shared receptor subunit and employ the same downstream STAT proteins. To evaluate the degree of specificity and redundancy for these cytokines, we quantified global transcriptomic changes induced by the two cytokines and determined the relative contributions of STAT1 and STAT3 using genetic models and ChIP-seq. We found a high degree of overlap of the transcriptomes induced by IL-6 and IL-27 and extremely few examples in which the cytokines acted in opposition. Using STAT deficient cells and T cells from patients with gain-of-function STAT1 mutations, we show that STAT3 was responsible for the overall transcriptional output driven by both cytokines, whereas STAT1 was the driver of cytokine specificity. STAT1 did not compensate for the lack STAT3; on the contrary, much of STAT1 binding to chromatin was STAT3 dependent. Thus, STAT1 shapes the specific cytokine signature superimposed upon STAT3’s action. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and transcription factor binding data from cytokine treated CD4+T cells

2015-05-27 | E-GEOD-65621 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The Cytokines IL-21 and GM-CSF have Opposing Regulatory Roles in the Apoptosis of Conventional Dendritic Cells

Project description:Interleukin-21 (IL-21) has broad actions on T- and B-cells, but its actions in innate immunity are poorly understood. Here we show that IL-21 induced apoptosis of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) via STAT3 and Bim, and this was inhibited by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). ChIP-Seq analysis revealed genome-wide binding competition between GM-CSF-induced STAT5 and IL-21-induced STAT3. Expression of IL-21 in vivo decreased cDC numbers, and this was prevented by GM-CSF. Moreover, repetitive α-galactosylceramide injection of mice induced IL-21 but decreased GM-CSF production by natural killer T (NKT) cells, correlating with decreased cDC numbers. Furthermore, adoptive-transfer of wild-type CD4+ T cells caused more severe colitis with increased DCs and interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD4+ T cells in Il21r-/-Rag2-/- mice (which lack T cells and have IL-21-unresponsive DCs) than in Rag2-/- mice. Thus, IL-21 and GM-CSF exhibit cross-regulatory actions on gene regulation and apoptosis, regulating cDC numbers and thereby the magnitude of the immune response.

2013-02-14 | GSE27161 | GEO

Analysis of interleukin-21-induced Prdm1 gene regulation reveals functional cooperation of STAT3 and IRF4 TFs

Project description:Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a pleiotropic cytokine that induces expression of transcription factor BLIMP1 (encoded by Prdm1), which regulates plasma cell differentiation and T cell homeostasis. We identified an IL-21 response element downstream of Prdm1 that binds the transcription factors STAT3 and IRF4, which are required for optimal Prdm1 expression. Genome-wide ChIP-Seq mapping of STAT3- and IRF4-binding sites showed that most regions with IL-21-induced STAT3 binding also bound IRF4 in vivo, and furthermore, revealed that the noncanonical TTCnnnTAA GAS motif critical in Prdm1 was broadly used for STAT3 binding. Comparing genome-wide expression array data to binding sites revealed that most IL-21-regulated genes were associated with combined STAT3-IRF4 sites rather than pure STAT3 sites. Correspondingly, ChIP-Seq analysis of Irf4_/_ T cells showed greatly diminished STAT3 binding after IL-21 treatment, and Irf4_/_ mice showed impaired IL- 21-induced Tfh cell differentiation in vivo. These results reveal broad cooperative gene regulation by STAT3 and IRF4. Affymetrix expression data: Prepare CD4+ T cells from spleen. CD4+ T cells were preactivated, rested, and treated with IL-21 for 1, 6, and 24 hours. ChIP-seq data: Profiling of IRF4 and Stat3 binding with and without IL-21 stimulation in wild type and IRF4 KO mice.

2010-01-08 | E-GEOD-19198 | biostudies-arrayexpress

IL-21-mediated non-canonical pathway for IL-1? production in conventional dendritic cells

Project description:The canonical pathway for IL-1? production requires TLR-mediated NF-?B-dependent Il1b gene induction, followed by caspase-containing inflammasome-mediated processing of pro-IL-1?. Here we show that IL-21 unexpectedly induces IL-1? production in conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) via a STAT3-dependent but NF-?B-independent pathway. IL-21 does not induce Il1b expression in CD4+ T cells, with differential histone marks present in these cells versus cDCs. IL-21-induced IL-1? processing in cDCs does not require caspase-1 or caspase-8 but depends on IL-21-mediated death and activation of serine protease(s). Moreover, STAT3-dependent IL-1? expression in cDCs at least partially explains the IL-21-mediated pathologic response occurring during infection with Pneumonia Virus of Mice. These results demonstrate lineage-restricted IL-21-induced IL-1? via a non-canonical pathway and provide evidence for its importance in vivo. Genome-wide transcription factors mapping and binding of STAT3, H3K4me3, H3K27me, H3K4me1, H3K27ac in mouse CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells in WT and Stat3-/- mice. RNA-Seq is performed in mouse CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells in WT mice, with or without indicated cytokines.

2015-07-07 | E-GEOD-61677 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Asymmetry of STAT action in driving IL-27 and IL-6 transcriptional outputs and cytokine specificity

2015-05-27 | GSE65621 | GEO

Crosstalk between very different family members: How STAT3 activating IL6-type cytokines inhibit the IFNg-like responses of IL27 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Project description:Interleukin-27 (IL27) is a type-I-cytokine of the IL6/IL12 family predominantly secreted by activated macrophages and dendritic cells. Best understood are the effects of IL27 on immune cells where it has been described to have pro- or anti-inflammatory properties, either promoting TH1 responses or suppressing TH1 and TH2 responses. The action on other cell types is less well studied. In the liver, IL27 expression was observed to be upregulated in patients with hepatitis B, and sera of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients contain significantly elevated levels of IL27 compared to healthy controls or patients with hepatitis and/or liver cirrhosis. We previously reported interferon-gamma-like antiviral activity of IL27 in hepatic cells. Here we further studied the effects of IL27 on HCC cells in comparison to other cytokines. We were especially interested in the relevance of the IL27-induced STAT3 activation. Thus we compared its response with those induced by IFNg (STAT1-dominated response) or IL6-type cytokines (IL6, Hyper-IL6 or OSM) (STAT3-dominated response). We find that in hepatocytes, IL27 induces an IFNg-like, STAT1-dependent transcriptional response, but we do not find an effective STAT3-dependent response. The availability of STAT1 seems critical in the shaping of the IL27 response, as the siRNA knock-down of STAT1 revealed its ability to induce the acute-phase protein gamma-fibrinogen, a typical IL6 family characteristic. Moreover, we describe a crosstalk between the signaling of IL6-type cytokines and IL27: responses to the gp130-engaging cytokine IL27 (but not those to IFNs) can be inhibited by IL6-type cytokine pre-stimulation, likely by a SOCS3-mediated mechanism. This experiment represents microarray analysis of three hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines treated with IL-27, IFNg, hyper-IL6 or OSM in combination with shRNA knockdown of STAT3.

2017-07-05 | E-MTAB-4570 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene array for identifying molecules involved in IL-10 regulation during Th17 polarization

Project description:IL-10 production by Th17 cells is critical for limiting autoimmunity and inflammatory responses. Gene array analysis on Stat6 and T-bet double deficient Th17 cells identified the Th2 transcription factor c-Maf to be synergistically up-regulated by IL-6 plus TGFbeta, and associated with Th17 IL-10 production. Both c-Maf and IL-10 induction during Th17 polarization depended on Stat3, but not Stat6 or Stat1, and mechanistically differed from IL-10 regulation by Th2 or IL-27 signals. TGFbeta was also synergistic with IL-27 to induce c-Maf, and induced Stat1 independent IL-10 expression in contrast to IL-27 alone. Retroviral transduction of c-Maf was able to induce IL-10 expression in Stat6 deficient CD4 and CD8 T cells, and c-Maf directly transactivated IL-10 gene expression through binding to a MARE motif in the IL-10 promoter. Together, these data reveal a novel role for c-Maf in regulating T effector development, and suggest that TGFbeta may antagonize Th17 immunity by IL-10 production through c-Maf induction. Our recent studies showed that IL-6 combined with TGFbeta differed from IL-6 combined with IL-23 for IL-10 production and pathogenic activities in CD4 T cells deficient in Stat6 and T-bet, despite similar IL-17 production. We performed gene array analysis on Stat6 and T-bet double deficient cells. We rationalized that by comparing gene expression in cells treated with IL-6 plus TGFbeta versus TGFbeta alone, we would be able to identify genes specific for standard Th17 polarization, and responsible for both IL-17 and IL-10 expression. By next comparing gene expression in cells treated with IL-6 plus TGFbeta versus IL-6 plus IL-23, we could eliminate molecules involved solely in IL-17 regulation, and obtain genes specifically responsible for IL-10 regulation.

2009-03-03 | E-GEOD-15029 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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