Dataset Information

Proteomic evidence for the silk fibroin genes of spider mites (order Trombidiformes: family Tetranychidae)

ABSTRACT: Spider mites are a group of arachnids belonging in the family Tetranychidae, known to produce nano-scale silk fibers characterized by high Young’s modulus. Silk fibroin gene of spider mites has been computationally suggested through genomic analysis of Tetranychus urticae, but it is yet to be confirmed by proteomic evidences. In this work, we sequenced and assembled the transcriptome from two genera of spider mites, Tetranychus kanzawai and Panonychus citri, and combined with the silk proteomics of T. urticae and P. citri to characterize the fibroin genes through comparative genomics and multi-omics analysis. As a result, two fibroins were identified, that are different genes from the previous computational prediction. Amino acid composition and secondary structure suggests similarity to aciniform or cylindrical spidroins of spider silk, which partly mirrors their mechanical property exhibiting high Young’s modulus. Availability of full-length fibroin sequences of spider mites facilitates the study of the evolution of silk genes that emerged in multiple lineages sometimes in convergent manner, and in the industrial application of artificial protein fibers through the study of the amino acid sequence and the resulting mechanical properties of these silks.

ORGANISM(S): Tetranychus Kanzawai Tetranychus Urticae Panonychus Citri

SUBMITTER: Kazuharu Arakawa

PROVIDER: PXD023661 | JPOST Repository | Wed Mar 24 00:00:00 GMT 2021

REPOSITORIES: jPOST

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Proteomic evidence for the silk fibroin genes of spider mites (Order Trombidiformes: Family Tetranychidae).

Arakawa Kazuharu K Mori Masaru M Kono Nobuaki N Suzuki Takeshi T Gotoh Tetsuo T Shimano Satoshi S

Journal of proteomics 20210320

Spider mites are a group of arachnids belonging to Acari (mites and ticks), family Tetranychidae, known to produce nanoscale silk fibers characterized by a high Young's modulus. The silk fibroin gene of spider mites has been computationally predicted through genomic analysis of Tetranychus urticae Koch, but it has yet to be confirmed by proteomic evidence. In this work, we sequenced and assembled the transcriptome from two genera of spider mites, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida and Panonychus citri ...[more]

PMID: 33757880

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Project description:Spiders are a highly diverse group of arthropods that occur in most habitats on land. Notably, spiders have significant ecological impact as predators because of their extraordinary prey capture adaptations, venom and silk. Spider venom is among the most heterogeneous animal venoms and has pharmacological applications, while spider silk is characterized by great toughness with potential for biomaterial application. We describe the genome sequences of two spiders representing two major taxonomic groups, the social velvet spider Stegodyphus mimosarum (Araneomorphae), and the Brazilian white-knee tarantula Acanthoscurria geniculata (Mygalomorphae). We annotate genes using a combination of transcriptomic and in-depth proteomic analyses. The genomes are large (2.6 Gb and 6 Gb, respectively) with short exons and long introns and approximately 50% repeats, reminiscent of typical mammalian genomes. Phylogenetic analyses show that spiders and ticks are sister groups outgrouped by mites, and phylogenetic dating using a molecular clock dates separation of velvet spider and tarantula at 270 my. Based on the genomes and proteomes, we characterize the genetic basis of venom and silk production of both species in detail. Venom protein composition differs markedly between the two spiders, with lipases as the most abundant protein in the velvet spider and present only at low concentration in tarantula. Venom in both spiders contains proteolytic enzymes, and our analyses suggest that these enzymes target and process precursor peptides that subsequently mediate the toxic effects of venom. Complete analysis of silk genes reveal a diverse suite of silk proteins in the velvet spider including novel types of spidroins, and dynamic evolution of major ampullate spidroin genes, whereas silk protein diversity in tarantula is far less complex. The difference in silk proteins between species is consistent with a more complex silk gland morpholgy and use of three-dimentional capture webs consisting of multiple silk types in aranomorph spiders.

Project description:Spider silk proteins are synthesized in the silk-producing glands, where the spidroins are produced, stored and processed into a solid fiber from a crystalline liquid solution. Despite great interest in the spider silk properties, that make this material suitable for biomedical and biotechnological applications, the mechanism of formation and spinning of the silk fibers has not been fully elucidated; and no combination of proteomic and transcriptomic study has been carried out so far in the spider silk-producing glands. Nephila clavipes is an attractive orb-web spider to investigate the spinning process of silk production, given the properties of strength, elasticity and biocompatibility of their silk fibers. Thus, considering that the combination of proteomic and transcriptomic analysis may reveal an extensive repertoire of novel proteins involved in the silk spinning process, and in order to facilitate and enable proteomics in this non-model organism, the current study aims to construct a high quality reference mRNA-derived protein database that could be used to identify tissue specific expression patterns in spider silk glands. Next-generation sequencing has offered a powerful and cost-efficient technique for the generation of transcriptomic datasets in non-model species using diverse platforms such as the Illumina HiSeq, Roche 454, Pacific Biosystems, and Applied Biosystems SOLiD; In the current study, the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform will be used to generate a N. clavipes spider silk glands transcriptome-based protein database. The transcriptome data generated in this study will provide a comprehensive and valuable genomic resource for future research of the group of spider silk-producing glands, in order to improve our understanding of the overall mechanism of action involved in production, secretion, storage, transport, protection and conformational changes of spidroins during the spinning process, and prey capture; and the results may be relevant for scientists in material Science, biology, biochemistry, and environmental scientists.

Dataset Information

Proteomic evidence for the silk fibroin genes of spider mites (order Trombidiformes: family Tetranychidae)

Publications

Proteomic evidence for the silk fibroin genes of spider mites (Order Trombidiformes: Family Tetranychidae).

Similar Datasets

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