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Fish species authentication in commercial fish products using mass spectrometry and spectra library approach

ABSTRACT: Seafood fraud has become a global emerging issue, threatening food security and safety. Adulteration, substitution, dilution, and incorrect labeling of seafood products are fraudulent practices that violate consumer safety. In this context, developing sensitive, robust, and high-throughput molecular tools for food and feed authentication is becoming crucial for regulatory purposes. Analytical approaches such as proteomics mass spectrometry have shown promise in detecting incorrectly labeled products. For the application of these tools, genome information is crucial, but currently, for marine species of commercial importance, such information is unavailable. However, when combining proteomic analysis with spectra library matching, commercially important fish species were successfully identified, differentiated, and quantified in pure muscle samples and mixtures, even when genome information was scarce. This study further tested the previously developed proteomic-based spectra library-based approach was further tested to differentiate 29 fish species from the North Sea in individual samples, laboratory-prepared mixtures, and commercial samples. For authenticating libraries generated from 29 fish species, fresh muscle samples from the fish samples were matched against the reference libraries. Species of the fresh fish samples were correctly authenticated using the spectra libraries generated from the 29 fish species. Furthermore, processed commercial products containing mixtures of two or three fish species were matched against these spectra libraries to test the accuracy and robustness of this method for authentication of fish species. The results indicated that the method is suitable for the authentication of fish species from highly processed samples such as fish cakes and burgers. Spectra libraries built from 29 fish species in the North Sea can efficiently tackle current and future challenges in feed and food authentication analyses when prospecting new resources in the Arctic.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Exploris 480

ORGANISM(S): Gadus Morhua (ncbitaxon:8049) Eutrigla Gurnardus (ncbitaxon:426098) Pollachius Pollachius (ncbitaxon:185739) Ammodytes Marinus (ncbitaxon:146480) Cyclopterus Lumpus (ncbitaxon:8103) Squalus Acanthias (ncbitaxon:7797) Pollachius Virens (ncbitaxon:8060) Anarhichas Lupus (ncbitaxon:8204) Limanda Limanda (ncbitaxon:27771) Trisopterus Esmarkii (ncbitaxon:80723) Scophthalmus Maximus (ncbitaxon:52904) Maurolicus Muelleri (ncbitaxon:68502) Merluccius Merluccius (ncbitaxon:8063) Scomber Scombrus (ncbitaxon:13677) Melanogrammus Aeglefinus (ncbitaxon:8056) Clupea Harengus (ncbitaxon:7950) Trisopterus Minutus (ncbitaxon:80722) Pleuronectes Platessa (ncbitaxon:8262) Argentina Sphyraena (ncbitaxon:442169) Gadiculus Argenteus (ncbitaxon:185737) Molva Molva (ncbitaxon:163112) Lepidorhombus Whiffiagonis (ncbitaxon:154550) Merlangius Merlangus (ncbitaxon:8058) Trachurus Trachurus (ncbitaxon:36212) Micromesistius Poutassou (ncbitaxon:81636) Callionymus Lyra (ncbitaxon:34785) Amblyraja Radiata (ncbitaxon:386614) Microstomus Kitt (ncbitaxon:106175) Argentina Silus (ncbitaxon:446415)

SUBMITTER: Madhushri Shrikant Varunjikar

PROVIDER: MSV000094602 | MassIVE | Tue Apr 23 08:55:00 BST 2024

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PXD051671

REPOSITORIES: MassIVE

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Project description:Background: Food supply is a major factor influencing growth rates in animals. This has important implications for both natural and farmed fish populations, since food restriction may difficult reproduction. However, a study on the effects of food supply on the development of juvenile gonads has never been transcriptionally described in fish. Methods and Findings: This study investigated the consequences of growth on gonadal transcriptome of European sea bass in: 1) 4-month-old sexually undifferentiated fish, comparing the gonads of fish with the highest vs. the lowest growth, to explore a possible link between transcriptome and future sex, and 2) testis from 11-month-old juveniles where growth had been manipulated through changes in food supply. The four groups used were: i) sustained fast growth, ii) sustained slow growth, iii) accelerated growth, iv) decelerated growth. The transcriptome of undifferentiated gonads was not drastically affected by initial natural differences in growth. Further, changes in the expression of genes associated with protein turnover were seen, favoring catabolism in slow-growing fish and anabolism in fast-growing fish. Moreover, while fast-growing fish took energy from glucose, as deduced from the pathways affected and the analysis of protein-protein interactions examined, in slow-growing fish lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis was favored. Interestingly, the highest transcriptomic differences were found when forcing initially fast-growing fish to decelerate their growth, while accelerating growth of initially slow-growing fish resulted in full transcriptomic convergence with sustained fast-growing fish. Conclusions: Food availability during sex differentiation shapes the juvenile testis transcriptome, as evidenced by adaptations to different energy balances. Remarkably, this occurs in absence of major histological changes in the testis. Thus, fish are able to recover transcriptionally their testes if they are provided with enough food supply during sex differentiation; however, an initial fast growth does not represent any advantage in terms of transcriptional fitness if later food becomes scarce.

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Fish species authentication in commercial fish products using mass spectrometry and spectra library approach

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