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Cellular- to ecosystem-scale consequences of phage-resistance mutations in marine Cellulophaga baltica

ABSTRACT: The oceans teem with bacteria and viruses (phages), engaged in a battle of attack and resistance. While ecological theory predicts fitness-resistance trade-offs, the mechanisms and ecosystem consequences of resistance remain underexplored. Here we isolated 13 spontaneous, Cellulophaga baltica phage-resistant mutants that altered the cell surface or intracellular amino acid metabolism, and evaluated resistance mechanisms and ecological impacts. Mechanistically, surface mutants offered broad and complete extracellular resistance against multiple phages through decreased adsorption, while intracellular mutants resisted a single phage after viral DNA replication. For one intracellular mutant, resistance was shown to be lipid-mediated. Ecosystem impacts were three-fold: (i) surface mutants altered carbon utilization most; (ii) one intracellular mutant was predicted to secrete more metabolites (including experimentally-verified acetate); and (iii) all mutants were stickier with surface mutants also sedimenting faster. These findings illuminate how phage resistance drives fitness tradeoffs and quantifies cellular-to-ecosystem impacts, with direct linkages to marine carbon storage.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive Plus

ORGANISM(S): Cellulophaga Baltica (ncbitaxon:76594) Cellulophaga Baltica Phage Phi18:4

SUBMITTER: Dr. Robert Hettich

PROVIDER: MSV000098411 | MassIVE | Wed Jul 02 11:02:00 BST 2025

REPOSITORIES: MassIVE

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