Dataset Information

Synergistic Antibacterial Effects and Metabolomic Insights in Cyperus esculentus L. Leaf-Stem Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT: The rising threat of antimicrobial resistance necessitates sustainable alternatives to synthetic antibiotics, driving interest in plant-derived compounds for livestock feed. Cyperus esculentus L. (tiger nut) exhibits promising antibacterial properties, yet gaps persist in understanding its specific bioactive components, synergistic mechanisms, and metabolic impact on bacterial pathogens. This study employed metabolomic profiling combined with bioassays to evaluate the efficacy of tuber, stem/leaf, and composite extracts against Staphylococcus aureus. Methods included Kirby-Bauer assays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), growth curve analysis, response surface optimization, and wide-targeted metabolomics. Key findings revealed: (1) Stem/leaf extracts outperformed tuber extracts in antibacterial activity, with their combination yielding synergistic effects; (2) Flavonoids (naringenin, acacetin, diosmetin, silybin A) demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition, disrupting cell wall/membrane integrity via SEM-confirmed morphological damage; (3) Optimal synergistic mix (2.84 μg/mL naringenin, 2.68 μg/mL acacetin, 3.04 μg/mL diosmetin, 3.08 μg/mL silybin A) achieved potent suppression across bacterial growth phases; (4) Metabolomic perturbations implicated sulfur metabolism, oxidative stress responses, and lipid remodeling in antibiosis. This work uniquely establishes C. esculentus stem/leaf extracts as high-value, resource-efficient antibiotic alternatives for animal feed, leveraging synergistic phytochemistry and mechanistic insights to combat antimicrobial resistance.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - hilic, Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - hilic

PROVIDER: MTBLS14216 | MetaboLights | 2026-04-03

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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			Action	DRS
	a_MTBLS14216_LC-MS_negative_hilic.txt	Txt
	a_MTBLS14216_LC-MS_positive_hilic.txt	Txt
	i_Investigation.txt	Txt
	m_MTBLS14216_LC-MS_negative_hilic_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular
	m_MTBLS14216_LC-MS_positive_hilic_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular

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Project description:Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute a broad range of bioactive compounds in diverse organisms, including fish. They are effector molecules for the innate immune response, against pathogens, tissue damage and infections. Still, AMPs from African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus skin mucus are largely unexplored despite their possible therapeutic role in combating antimicrobial resistance. In this study, African Catfish Antimicrobial peptides (ACAPs) were identified from the skin mucus of African Catfish, C. gariepinus. Native peptides were extracted from fish mucus scrapings in 10% acetic acid (v/v) and ultra-filtered using 5kDa molecular cut-off membrane. The extract was purified using C18 Solid Phase Extraction. The antibacterial activity was determined using the Agar Well Diffusion method and broth-dilution method utilizing Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Thereafter, Sephadex G-25 gel filtration was further utilized in bio-guided isolation of the most active fractions prior to peptide identification using Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid Mass Spectrometry. The skin mucus extracted from African Catfish from all the three major lakes of Uganda exhibited antimicrobial activity on E. coli and S. aureus. Lake Albert’s C. gariepinus demonstrated the best activity with the lowest MIC of 2.84 µg/mL and 0.71 µg/mL on S. aureus and E. coli respectively. Sephadex G-25 peak I mass spectrometry analysis alongside in silico analysis revealed seven short peptides (11-15 amino acid residues) of high antimicrobial scores (0.561-0.905 units). In addition, these peptides had a low molecular weight (1005.57-1622.05 Da), and had percentage hydrophobicity above 54%. Up to four of these antimicrobial peptides demonstrated α-helix structure conformation, rendering them amphipathic. The ﬁndings of this study indicate that novel antimicrobial peptides can be sourced from the skin mucus of C. gariepinus. Such antimicrobial peptides are potential alternatives to the traditional antibiotics and can be of great application to food and pharmaceutical industries; however, further studies are still needed to establish their drug-likeness and safety profiles.

Project description:<p>Foodborne pathogenic bacterial infections pose significant challenges to global food safety and public health, while the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has worsened in recent years, creating an urgent need for safe, natural alternatives to combat foodborne pathogens and associated intestinal diseases. This study focuses on the Antimicrobial and Protease-resistant Peptide R7I, composed of natural amino acids, elucidating its mechanisms of action as a functional food ingredient in modulating intestinal health, thereby offering novel strategies for antibiotic alternatives. The results showed a 13.52% increase in average daily weight gain in the R7I group compared to the control group. Average daily feed intake was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the control group than in both the normal and R7I groups. Additionally, serum and jejunal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content, as well as serum D-lactic acid levels (P < 0.05), were reduced in the R7I group, indicating markedly alleviated intestinal permeability. Compared to the control group, the R7I group significantly reduced serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase and total bile acids, while increasing high-density lipoprotein levels (P < 0.05). R7I treatment significantly elevated (P < 0.05) serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-4 (IL-10), while suppressing production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-17 (IL-17). Furthermore, multi-omics analyses revealed that R7I alleviated Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced intestinal damage through synergistic mechanisms involving modulation of gene expression regulatory pathways, restructuring of gut microbiota composition, and improvement of metabolite profiles. These findings substantiate the potential of R7I as a promising antibiotic-alternative functional food ingredient, offering new strategies for preventing foodborne diseases and managing intestinal health.</p>

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Synergistic Antibacterial Effects and Metabolomic Insights in Cyperus esculentus L. Leaf-Stem Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus

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