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Health outcomes of fruit juice and fruity beverage: a comparative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolomics in rats (Metabolomics assay)

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the relationship between food processing and health outcomes has been increasing steadily. Under this context, ultra-processing food, such as sugar-sweetened fruity beverages (SS-FB), is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. However, whether drinking fruit juice not from concentrate (NFC-FJ), which belongs to minimally processed food, causes poor health or not is controversial. The major goal was to determine the impact of fruit drinks with different processing degrees on health via the interaction of gut microbiota and metabolomics.

RESULTS: Significant different trends in metabolic syndrome were found between NFC-FJ and SS-FB in a 4-week experiment. NFC-FJ increased alpha diversity and decreased F/B ratio compared to SS-FB. The modulated bacterial taxa by NFC-FJ increased lipid metabolism as well as decreased insulin resistance and inhibited the dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) formation from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), contributing to a lower risk of metabolic syndrome in rats. However, SS-FB led to a higher risk of metabolic syndrome in rats with increased food intake and weight change. Additionally, SS-FB with the fructose-to-glucose ratio of 1.5 corresponded to an increase in kidney mass and serum C17-sphinganine level, boosting risks for kidney disease. More than 10 times higher flavonoid content in NFC-FJ than SS-FB was caused by processing degrees, which might be partly responsible for the alteration of gut microbiota.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that rich flavonoids in minimally processed fruit juice decreased the risk of metabolic syndrome in rats through the pathway of insulin resistance via gut microbiota alteration, while ultra-processed fruit beverages enhanced the risk of metabolic syndrome. Based on our data, NFC fruit juice should be considered a healthy choice.

Metabolomics assay is reported in the current study MTBLS3943.

Lipidomics assay is reported in MTBLS4108.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse phase

SUBMITTER: Kewen Wang

PROVIDER: MTBLS3943 | MetaboLights | 2022-08-24

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Diet is foods and drinks regularly consumed, and its regulation is complicated. It is necessary to obtain a practical understanding of which foods and drinks contribute to health and well-being and which are insalubrious. Clear evidence shows that a high intake of fruity beverage (FB) is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndromes; unlike FB, the health outcome of fruit juice (FJ) intake is still controversial. Here, we aim to reveal the health outcomes of diet intervention (FJ or FB) with system profiling via the interaction of gut microbiota and metabolomics.RESULTS: Firstly, the glucose, sucrose, fructose and other bioactive metabolites of FJ and FB were analyzed, and FJ possessed higher sucrose and flavonoids, while FB showed higher glucose and fructose. Secondly, C0 was set as the control group on Day 0, and a 4-week diet invention was performed to control, FJ-intake and FB-intake groups with normal saline, FJ and FB, respectively. Then, disparate trends in the metabolic syndrome of FJ-intake and FB-intake groups were revealed through the diet-microbiome-metabolic pathway axis. FJ improved alpha diversity and decreased the F/B ratio of gut microbiota as well as prevented insulin resistance with the reduced food intake in the FJ-intake group. However, FB possessed unchanged microbial diversity and enhanced F/B ratio, causing insulin resistance with renal triglyceride accumulation, increased kidney mass index as well as steadily improved weight change in FB-intake group.CONCLUSIONS: The distinct processing degrees could explain the different FB and FJ intake responses in rats. FB with excess free fructose belongs to ultra-processed foods, while FJ with higher flavonoids belongs to minimally processed foods. We genuinely believe that FJ with a lower processing degree, although naturally contains the similar total amount of 3 main free sugars as FB, could be a healthier drink choice. Lipidomics assay is reported in the current study <a href='https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS4108 ' rel='noopener noreferrer' target='_blank'>MTBLS4108</a>.Metabolomics assay is reported in <a href='https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS3943' rel='noopener noreferrer' target='_blank'>MTBLS3943</a>.

Project description:Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) cells can attach to both cantaloupe surface and food contact surfaces and promote biofilm growth. This study was to understand the impact of cantaloupe juice on the physiology and transcriptome of Lm planktonic cells and biofilm cells grown on stainless steel coupons using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy (Cryo-SEM) and RNA Seq technology. Lm showed a strong autoaggregation phenotype when grown in cantaloupe juice at room temperature. It is interesting to note that Lm formed significantly more biofilms on stainless steel (SS) coupons when grown in cantaloupe juice than in TSB. SEM images revealed a different attachment profile of Lm on SS coupons. In TSB, Lm cells were mainly found in scratches/groves of the metal surface, whereas, in cantaloupe juice they attached to the smooth surface as well. Interestingly, Lm planktonic and biofilm cells in cantaloupe juice showed an elongated cell shape which might be a stress-induced phenotype in cantaloupe juice. Cantaloupe juice induced a distinct transcriptional profile of biofilm and planktonic cells of Lm from TSB. Functional annotation indicated that the significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs, Padj < 0.05, log2foldchange ≥ 1) from the comparison mainly participated in metabolism, signaling and stress response. Notably, certain pathways downregulated for planktonic cells were significantly upregulated for biofilm cells in cantaloupe juice compared to TSB, including ABC transporters, two-component system, quorum sensing, chemotaxis, and flagellar assembly. These data highlighted the interaction of Lm with food matrix (i.e., cantaloupe) and the role of food matrix on Lm survival and adaptation. These results provided the basis for future functional characterization of genes with potential roles in biofilm formation and persistence of Lm in cantaloupe juice, as well as for development of mitigation practices for Lm biofilms on produce and food contact surfaces.

Project description:Background: The prevalence of individuals allergic to latex, exhibiting cross-hypersensitivity with plant-derived food has been frequently reported as the so-called latex-fruit syndrome. Nonetheless, molecular mechanisms underlying allergy to latex and/or fruit are poorly understood. Objective: The aims of this study were to identify candidate genes that may be associated with the pathogenesis of allergy to latex and /or vegetable food, and to assess if similar molecular pathways are involved in both types of hypersensitivity. Methods: DNA microarray analysis was performed to screen the molecular profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with allergy to latex, to fruit, or with latex-fruit syndrome, and from control healthy subjects. Results: Gene expression profiling identified an overlapping dataset of genes commonly regulated in all the atopic patients enrolled in this study, suggesting that similar molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of allergy to the fruit and /or latex. Several regulators of the innate and acquired immunity reported to polarize the immunological response towards a Th2-mediated immune response were overexpressed in patients. Furthermore, evidences suggested that T regulatory cell expression might be defective in allergic patients, as a consequence of a dysregulation of some inflammatory cytokines. Finally, several transcription factors that may be responsible for the Th1/Th2 imbalance were modulated in allergic patients. Conclusion and clinical implications: This study identified relevant genes that may help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying allergic disease. Knowledges of critical targets, along with transcription factors regulating gene activity may facilitate the development of new therapies. Experiment Overall Design: This study aimed at the understanding of the molecular pathways involved in allergy to latex and fruit. As latex and vegetable food allergens cross-react, it could be hypothesized that similar pathways are involved in both types of hypersensitivity. Experiment Overall Design: For this purpose, patients allergic to latex (n=6), allergic to vegetable food (n=5), or suffering from latex-fruit syndrome (n=6) were enrolled from the Unit of Allergy of the Gemelli Hospital of Rome. Moreover, 4 healthy volunteers were added to this study. Five ml of blood were harvested from each individual, and PBMCs were isolated on ficoll gradient. Following sample preparation (as recommended by the manufacturer), each sample was hybridized on Affymetrix human focus array. Data were processed with Affymetrix MAS 5.0 software and averaged intensity of signals from biological replicates were calculated for further analysis. Experiment Overall Design: The CEL files for this study were lost in a computer crash.

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Health outcomes of fruit juice and fruity beverage: a comparative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolomics in rats (Metabolomics assay)

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