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Cyclobutene- and cyclobutane-functionalized fatty acids as novel biochemical probes of structure and function in HepG2 cells


ABSTRACT: Human hepatoma HepG2 cells (American Type Culture Collection; HB-8065) were grown in 75 ml tissue cell culture flasks in Eagle's minimal essential medium (EMEM) augmented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. For treatment with fatty acids or analogues, the cells were seeded at a density of 2 × 106 cells in a T25-cm2 flask for 24 h. Each FA or analogue was added to the culture medium as a fatty acid-bovine serum albumin (BSA) complex (2.5:1, FA:BSA) to give the desired final concentration. The controls in these experiments were HepG2 cells with BSA alone. After 24 h treatment, the media was collected, cells were rinsed twice with PBS and cells were harvested for analysis. To each cell suspension prior to lipid extraction a standard mixture of 25 µg C15:0 PE, C17:0 PC and C71:1 TAG was added as standards. Extraction of lipids was performed according to the Folch method. For metabolomics analysis, the lipid extracts were resuspended in chloroform/methanol, 2:1 (v/v).All analyses were carried out using an Agilent 1200 Series HPLC, ACE 5 C8-300 column (2.1 x 100 mm) and linear gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.1 mL/min. Mobile phase A and B consisted of 0.1% formic acid; 10 mM ammonium acetate in H2O and 0.1% formic acid; 10 mM ammonium acetate in ACN/isopropanol (50/50; v/v), respectively. The injection volume was 4 µL. Separation of metabolites was achieved at the following gradient: T=0 min: 30% B; T=1 min: 30% B; T=25 min: 100% B; T=45 min: 100% B; T=47 min: 30% B; and T=60 min: 30% B (re-equilibration). The HPLC system was directly coupled to a Bruker Soalrix 70 Hybrid FTMS instrument equipped with electrospray ionization source (ESI) (Bruker Daltonics). The system was controlled by HyStar v.3.4.8.0 software. MS data was collected with resolving power of 78,000 (at m/z 400) in positive or negative mode under following conditions: a capillary voltage of (+/-) 4,500 V and an end plate offset of -500 V. The dry temperature was set at 180°C. Dry gas flow was maintained 4 L/min. Acquisition range was 244-1,800 m/z with 0.2 s ion accumulation time. LC-MS data was converted into mzXML format using CompassXport v. 3.0.6 and processed by mzMine v.2.10 [25] or XCMS data analysis software. Data processing involved mass detection, chromatographic peak detection and deconvolution, isotopic peaks grouping, normalization and peak alignment. Metabolite data were mean-centered and unit-variance scaled to remove the offsets and adjust the importance of high and low abundance metabolites to an equal level. Significantly altered metabolites were defined by a fold change (FC) >2 and p<0.05. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of signature metabolites altered in compounds treated cells compared to control were performed in the Metaboanalyst web portal (www.metaboanalyst.ca).

INSTRUMENT(S): FT-ICR-MS

ORGANISM(S): Human Homo Sapiens

TISSUE(S): Cultured Cells

SUBMITTER: Concetta DiRusso  

PROVIDER: ST000241 | MetabolomicsWorkbench | Wed Sep 09 00:00:00 BST 2015

REPOSITORIES: MetabolomicsWorkbench

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