Project description:We use scRNA-seq to show the differences in tumor-infiltrating immune cells among IgG, anti-PD-1, anti-PSGL-1, and combination anti-PD-1 and anti-PSGL-1 treated mice. We show that anti-PSGL-1 treatment resulted in an increase in neutrophil and T cells, anti-PD-1 treatment resulted in an increase in macrophages, and the combination resulted in an increase in T cells and macrophages when compared to the tumors of IgG treated mice. Additionally, we show that Tregulatory cells are decreased in the tumors of anti-PSGL-1 and combination treated mice. Further, we find that anti-PSGL-1 treated CD8 T cells show upregulation of activation and survival genes, while combination treatment increased effector gene expression in CD8 T cells. Both anti-PSGL-1 treatment and combination treatment increase effector gene expression in CD4 T cells when compared to IgG. This scRNA-seq study shows the impact of IgG, anti-PD-1, anti-PSGL-1, and combination anti-PSGL-1 and anti-PD-1 antibody tteatment on tumor-infiltrating immune cells in B16-GP33 melnoma tumor bearing mice.
Project description:The presence of intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) is associated with positive clinical outcomes and responses to immunotherapy in cancer. Here, we used spatial transcriptomics to examine the nature of B cell responses within TLS in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). B cells were enriched in TLS, and therein, we could identify all B cell maturation stages toward plasma cell (PC) formation. B cell repertoire analysis revealed clonal diversification, selection, expansion in TLS, and the presence of fully mature clonotypes at distance. In TLS+ tumors, IgG- and IgA-producing PCs disseminated into the tumor beds along fibroblastic tracks. TLS+ tumors exhibited high frequencies of IgG-producing PCs and IgG-stained and apoptotic malignant cells, suggestive of anti-tumor effector activity. Therapeutic responses and progression-free survival correlated with IgG-stained tumor cells in RCC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, intratumoral TLS sustains B cell maturation and antibody production that is associated with response to immunotherapy, potentially via direct anti-tumor effects.
Project description:As part of the project aimed at the interaction of RNA with RNA polymerase and primary sigma factor in bacteria we analyzed anti-σ70 antibody immunoprecipitates from Mycobacterium smegmatis stationary phase to identify proteins in σA complex in non-treated cells. We performed mass spectrometry analysis of anti-σ70 antibody and anti-RNAP immunoprecipitates from Corynebacterium glutamicum stationary phase to identify proteins present in σA and RNAP complexes.
Project description:Although immunotherapy has achieved great success in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), only a subset of patients exhibit a favorable response. Leveraging LUAD mono-immunotherapy RNA-sequencing data, we identified differentially expressed genes associated with immunotherapy efficacy by comparing immunotherapy-sensitive and immunotherapy-insensitive patients. These genes were utilized to construct a customized sgRNA library. Two in vivo CRISPR screening models including Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and KrasG12D/Trp53-/-(KP) models were developed to identify novel targets regulating immunotherapy efficacy. After transducing the customized sgRNA library, LLC/KP-Cas9 library cells were injected into mice divided into three groups: Rag1-/- C57BL/6 immunodeficient mice treated with IgG antibody, and wild type C57BL/6 immunocompetent mice treated with anti-PD-1 antibody or isotype IgG antibody. Tumors were harvested after 2-4 weeks of treatment, genomic DNA was isolated, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to analyze sgRNA distribution. By comparing the sgRNAs detected in wild-type C57BL/6 immunocompetent mice treated with anti-PD-1 antibody versus isotype IgG, potential targets that regulating immunotherapy efficacy were identified.
Project description:Recent randomized clinical trial revealed the additional effect of bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, to conventional chemotherapy on survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. However, a number of preclinical reports indicate resistant mechanisms to anti-angiogenic therapy in several tumor models. We investigated the phenotypic alterations of colorectal cancer xenograft during antiangiogenic therapy. TK-4, a solid tumor strain derived from human colon cancer, was orthotopically implanted into cecal walls of nude mice and treated with anti-VEGF antibody or control IgG for 35 days. Gene expression was analyzed using microarrays (Human Gene 1.0ST Array, Affymetrix).
Project description:This study investigated the impact of an anti-LCN2 monoclonal antibody on STR-authenticated HeLa cells using a xenograft model in athymic nude mice. Treatment of tumors with anti-LCN2 antibody resulted in 39 – 60% reduction in tumor volume. RNA extracted from the tumors post-treatment was sequenced and aligned to human and mouse genome separately. Differential expression analysis of human mapped overexpressed genes in treated tumor revealed suppression of pro-tumorigenic TNF- and IL17 signalling pathways, whereas the corresponding mouse-mapped genes indicated pathways including activation of T-cells and T-cell mediated killing in treated tumors. M2 mouse macrophage markers showed a decline under treatment signifying tumor regression. This observed T-cell activation and debilitation of M2 mouse macrophages by anti-LCN2 underlies its potential as an immune sensitizer that can potentially devour tumor cells through T-cell mediated cytotoxicity.
Project description:To understand the function of MFG-e8, which is secreted from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), hESC line BG01 cells were treated with anti-M8nAb to deplete the MFG-e8 activity. Depletion of MFG-e8 activity in hESC cultures resulted in decreased cell proliferation, increased cell death, and prominent morphological changes within 2 days. To investigate the transcriptomic changes under depletion of MFG-e8 activity in hESC culture, we performed RNA-seq analysis of BG01 cells treated with anti-M8nAb at two different time point. As a result, we identified differentially expressed genes in anti-M8nAb treated BG01 cells compared to isotype IgG treated control cells. Transcriptome of anti-M8nAb tretaed BG01 cells were enriched with the genesets related with cell death, cell cycle arrest, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition compared to isotype IgG treated control cells. In conclusion, these RNA-seq analysis results can provide insights into how MFG-e8 affect signaling mechanisms in hESCs.
Project description:Recently there has been growing interest in the immunomodulatory effects of endogenous danger signals known as alarmins. In this study, we explore a new combination therapy of anti-CD4 depleting antibody with an alarmin, high mobility group nucleosome binding protein 1 (HMGN1). Extremely low dose of HMGN1 with anti-CD4 depleting antibody exerted robust anti-tumor effects in Colon26 subtaneous murine model. To understand transcriptomic differences of CD8+ T cells in the tumor-bearing mice after treated with anti-CD4 depleting antibody or combination therapy of HMGN1 with anti-CD4 depleting antibody, we performed CD8 T cell transcriptome analysis using 3'SAGE-seq and Ion Proton sequencer.
Project description:This study was designed to explore how targeting Slc7a11 affected CD8+ T cell differentiation and function using a mouse colorectal cancer model. Single-cell RNA-seq was used to monitor tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells from Slc7a11 knockout and wild-type mouse tumor models treated with IgG control or anti-Ctla4 antibody.
Project description:Patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mostly become critically ill around the time of activation of the adaptive immune response. Here, we provide evidence that antibodies play a role in the worsening of disease at the time of seroconversion. We show that early phase severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific IgG in serum of critically ill COVID-19 patients induces hyper-inflammatory responses by human alveolar macrophages. We identified that this excessive inflammatory response is dependent on two antibody features that are specific for patients with severe COVID-19. First, inflammation is driven by high titers of anti-spike IgG, a hallmark of severe disease. Second, we found that anti-spike IgG from patients with severe COVID-19 is intrinsically more pro-inflammatory because of different glycosylation, particularly low fucosylation, of the Fc tail. Notably, low anti-spike IgG fucosylation normalized in a few weeks after initial infection with SARS-CoV-2, indicating that the increased antibody-dependent inflammation mainly occurs at the time of seroconversion. We identified Fcγ Receptor (FcγR) IIa and FcγRIII as the two primary IgG receptors that are responsible for the induction of key COVID-19-associated cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor. In addition, we show that anti-spike IgG-activated macrophages can subsequently break pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity and induce microvascular thrombosis in vitro. Finally, we demonstrate that the hyper-inflammatory response induced by anti-spike IgG can be specifically counteracted by fostamatinib, an FDA- and EMA-approved therapeutic small molecule inhibitor of the kinase, Syk.