Project description:Gene expression of different flocculent (HS 10 and HS 34) and powdery (HS 12 and HS 37) yeast strains compared to each other during exponential and stationary growth phase was analysed. The isolation of RNA was done by disruption of the cells under liquid nitrogen using mortar and pistil and then the Qiagen RNeasy Midi Kit with some modifications within the manufacturers´ protocol and the Qiagen RNase-Free DNase Set were applied. 6 µg of the total RNA per sample was used for each microarray experiments. The indirect labelling by the tyramide-signal-amplification method (MicromaxTM TSATM labelling and detection Kit from Perkin Elmer life sciences) was used to increase the Cy3 and Cy5 signals of microarray detection. Each cDNA containing Biotin- and Fluorescein-nucleotides respectively was purified with a QIAquick PCR purification kit and suspended in 11 µl of the formamide containing hybridization buffer. The slides were hybridized at 42°C over night under a cover slip. The microarrays were scanned by the Axon 4000B scanner; image intensity data were extracted and analysed with GenePix® Pro 6.0 software. Data from different scans of Dye-swap experiment were extracted by GenePix Pro 6.0 software, normalized and united. An outliertest has been applied in order to find outliers amongst the gene replicats. Subsequently, a t-test (1% and 5% probability of error) has been used in order to find regulated genes. Keywords: sorted yeast cells Microarray experiments were realised with dye swap.
Project description:Gene expression of different flocculent (HS 10 and HS 34) and powdery (HS 12 and HS 37) yeast strains compared to each other during exponential and stationary growth phase was analysed. The isolation of RNA was done by disruption of the cells under liquid nitrogen using mortar and pistil and then the Qiagen RNeasy Midi Kit with some modifications within the manufacturers´ protocol and the Qiagen RNase-Free DNase Set were applied. 6 µg of the total RNA per sample was used for each microarray experiments. The indirect labelling by the tyramide-signal-amplification method (MicromaxTM TSATM labelling and detection Kit from Perkin Elmer life sciences) was used to increase the Cy3 and Cy5 signals of microarray detection. Each cDNA containing Biotin- and Fluorescein-nucleotides respectively was purified with a QIAquick PCR purification kit and suspended in 11 µl of the formamide containing hybridization buffer. The slides were hybridized at 42°C over night under a cover slip. The microarrays were scanned by the Axon 4000B scanner; image intensity data were extracted and analysed with GenePix® Pro 6.0 software. Data from different scans of Dye-swap experiment were extracted by GenePix Pro 6.0 software, normalized and united. An outliertest has been applied in order to find outliers amongst the gene replicats. Subsequently, a t-test (1% and 5% probability of error) has been used in order to find regulated genes. Keywords: sorted yeast cells
Project description:Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease with limited therapeutic options. We and others have previously identified an abnormal B cell infiltrate within HS lesional skin. We performed scRNASequencing on CD3 negative cells from inflammatory HS skin lesions, healthy control skin and matched blood to better understand infiltrating B cells amongst other immune cells within lesional skin.
Project description:Transmission of Plasmodium spp. from a human host to a mosquito vector requires that some parasites abandon the asexual replicative cycle in the blood, associated with all clinical symptoms of malaria, and convert into non-replicative sexual precursors called gametocytes. The sexual conversion rate (i.e., the proportion of parasites that convert at each cycle) is variable, which enables parasites to adjust the balance between sexual and asexual development to the conditions of the human blood environment. Under some specific types of stress, parasites enhance sexual conversion rates to increase their relative investment in transmission. Sexual conversion is orchestrated by the master regulator AP2-G, a transcription factor of the ApiAP2 family. In Plasmodium falciparum, the species that produces the vast majority of human malaria cases and deaths, activation of ap2-g expression requires the GDV1 protein, which displaces heterochromatin from the ap2-g promoter. An antisense long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) encoded in the same locus as GDV1, named gdv1-as, is a negative regulator of GDV1 expression, but how the expression of this lncRNA is regulated or how specific types of stress enhance sexual conversion is not known. Here we show that environmental induction of sexual conversion is initiated by activation of gdv1 expression in a process dependent on the AP2-HS transcription factor, previously described as the activator of the malarial protective HS response. Next, GDV1 activates the expression of its own repressor, gdv1-as, by removing heterochromatin from its putative promoter. This positive-negative regulatory feedback loop limits GDV1 activation to a short burst of expression. This same mechanism operates for stimulation of sexual conversion by different environmental conditions, and AP2-HS is also needed for the activation of metabolic pathways that compensate depletion of phospholipid precursors. These findings provide new insight on the mechanisms underlying the fundamental developmental decision of malaria parasites and explain their plasticity to increase the investment in transmission when the conditions of the environment are unfavourable.