Project description:Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for regulating CD4 and CD8 T cell immunity, controlling Th1, Th2, and Th17 bias, generating inducible Tregs, and inducing tolerance. Multiple DC subsets have been identified in the mouse that are thought to have evolved to control these different immune outcomes. However, how these subsets differentially respond to inflammatory and/or tolerogenic signals in order to accomplish their divergent functionality remains unclear. Results: We analysed the responses of murine, splenic CD8 and CD11b DC subsets to in-vivo stimulation with lipopolysaccharide using RNA-Seq and systems biology approaches and observed responses are highly subset-specific. We reanalysed multiple datasets from the literature and show that these subset responses are obscured when analysing signaling at the population level. We show that the subset-specificity is due to the unique regulation of distinct TLR4 pathway modulators that ‘fine-tune’ a common TLR4 cascade rather and not due to major differences in signaling pathways or transcription factors. Conclusions: We propose the Pathway Modulation Model wherein common signaling pathways are regulated by unique sets of modulators allowing for distinct immune responses in closely related DC subsets. We extend these observations using analagous datasets from the literature and show that our model provides a global mechanism for generating cell subset-specific signaling in multiple subpopulations in mouse and man. Splenic CD8 and CD11b DC subsets from LPS stimulated (10 pooled animals) and Control (5 pooled animals) mice were analysed by RNA-Seq.
Project description:To characterize differences between BALB/c splenic CD11cintB220+Gr1+ PDCs (plasmacytoid dendritic cells), CD11cintB220+CD49b+ IKDCs (interferon producing killer-dendritic cells), and CD11chighB220- cDCs (conventional dendritic cells), we performed gene expression profile analysis using Affymetrix chips. We FACS-sorted BALB/c spleen DC subpopulations. Comparison of differentially expressed genes between IKDCs and cDCs vividly revealed selective expression of multiple NK-related genes in IKDCs . These included granzymes A, B, K and M, perforin, Fas ligand, and NK receptors such as NKG2A, NKG2D, Ly49 family genes, NKR-P1, NKG7, NKp46 and Mafa (KLRG1). No NK-related genes were highly expressed in the PDCs. Keywords: Cell type comparison
Project description:Xbp1 is a major transcription factor in the unfolded protein response. To uncover its function in DCs we generated a conditional KO for Xbp1 in dendritic cells. We here compare the expression of mRNAs in two different splenic DC subpopulations, CD8a and CD11b DCs in both WT and KO mice. Reference: Inositol-requiring enzyme 1-alpha regulates CD8a dendritic cell function via regulated mRNA decay. Osorio et al, Nature Immunology (2014) Primary DC subsets were isolated and sorted from spleens from 3 different WT or CD11c-cre Xbp-1fl/fl mice. RNA was isolated, converted to cDNA and then hybridised on Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Arrays (GPL6246).
Project description:Xbp1 is a major transcription factor in the unfolded protein response. To uncover its function in DCs we generated a conditional KO for Xbp1 in dendritic cells. We here compare the expression of mRNAs in two different splenic DC subpopulations, CD8a and CD11b DCs in both WT and KO mice. Reference: Inositol-requiring enzyme 1-alpha regulates CD8a dendritic cell function via regulated mRNA decay. Osorio et al, Nature Immunology (2014)
Project description:ChIP-seq was conducted using FACS-isolated CD11chiMHCII+CD4+ splenic WT DC and anti-Runx3 antibodies (Ab). Two biological Runx3 IP repeats and two input controls from sorted CD4 DC
Project description:The dendritic cell (DC)-derived chemokine CCL17, a ligand of CCR4, has been shown to promote various inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, atherosclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Under steady state conditions, and even after systemic stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, CCL17 is not expressed in resident splenic DC as opposed to CD8-CD11b+ lymph node (LN) DC, which produce large amounts of CCL17, in particular after maturation. Upon systemic NKT cell activation through alpha-galactosylceramide stimulation, however, CCL17 can be upregulated in both CD8- and CD8+ splenic DC subsets and enhances cross-presentation of exogenous antigens. Based on genome wide expression profiling, we now show that splenic DC are susceptible to Interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) mediated suppression of CCL17, whereas LN DC are much less responsive to IFNgamma and downregulate the IFNgamma receptor. Under inflammatory conditions, particularly in the absence of IFNgamma signaling in IFNgamma receptor deficient mice, CCL17 expression is strongly induced in a major proportion of splenic DC by the action of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in concert with interleukin (IL)-4. Our findings demonstrate that the local cytokine milieu and differential cytokine responsiveness of DC subsets regulate lymphoid organ specific immune responses at the level of chemokine expression.
Project description:The functional relationships and properties of different sub-types of dendritic cells (DC) remain largely undefined. We used a global gene profiling approach to determine gene expression patterns among murine splenic CD11c high DC subsets in an effort to better characterise these cells. Keywords: equivalent probe