Project description:Numerous lymphocytes seed the body surfaces of metazoans promoting tissue protection and integrity. These tissue-resident populations differ substantially from circulating lymphocytes, as they adopt a unique phenotype and do not recirculate. They span the innate-adaptive continuum, ranging from innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) to unconventional T cells (NKT, MAIT, γδT cells and IELs) and tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells, and while differ in the particulars of their biology, all contribute to barrier immunity, tissue homeostasis, and immune regulation. Although they share the same microenvironment, little is known about how these tissue-resident lymphocyte populations interact with each other and with the non-lymphoid cellular environment. As such, there is an emerging view of tissues as varied ‘‘ ecosystems ’’, whereby protection against inflammatory challenges is orchestrated through the interplay between tissue-resident and infiltrating-lymphocyte subtypes. In mice, barrier tissues are populated during early life by innate-like γδT lymphocytes. These cells provide tissue protection, including limiting conventional T cell-driven inflammation. Therefore, elucidating the contributions of tissue-resident T cells, particularly γδT cells, to the basic pathophysiology of tissue function and protection against infection, inflammation, and cancer is a priority. To this aim, we have induced allergic contact dermatitis in the back skin of different strains and we analyzed the behavior of γδT cells
Project description:We aim to understand here, the influence of TCR-Vγ5+ γδT cells in the recruitment of TRM population. Along these lines we will analyse the populations of TRM recruited to the Skin after the challenge process (induction of allergic contact dermatitis), in the presence of TCR-Vγ5+ or TCR-Vγ5− (replacement population).
Project description:The goal of this study was to compare gene expressions on the single cell level in (i) freshly isolated PBMCs (no stimulation and no sorting), (ii) PBγδT cells; PBMCs were stimulated with HMBPP in vitro and CD3(+) γδTCR(+) cells were sorted and (iii) iγδT cells; differentiated cells from γδT-iPSC clone were stimulated with HMBPP and CD3(+) γδTCR(+) cells were sorted or not sorted.
Project description:An in-depth examination of the TCRγ locus in ILC2s and γδT cells was performed to assess the functionality of rearranged TCRγ locus.
Project description:We report the application of single cell RNA sequencing for profiling the fingerprints of γδT cells of hepatocellular carcinoma compared with healthy donors. By comparing the transcriptome and TCR clonality of γδT cells from 3 HCC patients and expanded γδT cells from 3 healthy donors, we found that expanded γδ T cells derived from different donors shared great transcriptomic similarity and we found higher enrichments of major γδ TCRs in expanded γδ T cells compared to infiltrated but not peripheral ones in HCC. Analysis of differentiation trajectory demonstrated a branched structure in expanded γδ T cells, implying functional and differentiation stage diversity, and γδ T cells from HCC patients are localized to the far end of the trajectory. Furthermore, GVSA analyses made on metabolic pathways demonstrated strong enrichments in major metabolic pathways such as OXPHOS, glycolysis, and fatty acid metabolism in expanded γδ T cells versus peripheral ones of HCC. The comparison indicated higher cytotoxicity score of expanded γδ T cells compared to infiltrated or peripheral ones of HCC. The successful application of allogeneic γδ T cells immunotherapy in late-stage liver cancer patients was supported by our current scRNA transcriptomic analyses, which suggested strong anti-tumor functional complementation by the ex-vivo expanded γδ T cells.
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE15686: Meta-transcriptome analysis of a natural wheat sourdough ecosystem during a 10-day spontaneous laboratory fermentation (I) GSE15691: Meta-transcriptome analysis of a natural spelt sourdough ecosystem during a 10-day spontaneous laboratory fermentation (I) GSE15692: Meta-transcriptome analysis of a natural spelt sourdough ecosystem during a 10-day spontaneous laboratory fermentation (II) GSE15693: Meta-transcriptome analysis of a natural wheat sourdough ecosystem during a 10-day spontaneous laboratory fermentation (II) Refer to individual Series
Project description:Glaciers are populated by a large number of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and microeukaryotes. From an ecological point of view, three ecosystems can be differentiated in glaciers: the supraglacial ecosystem, the subglacial ecosystem and the englacial ecosystem. Several factors such as solar radiation, nutrient availability and water content greatly determine the diversity and abundance of microbial populations, the type of metabolism and the biogeochemical cycles. Firstly, the supraglacial ecosystem, sunlit and oxygenated, is predominantly populated by autotrophic microorganisms. Secondly, the subglacial ecosystem contains a majority of chemoautrotophs that are fed on the mineral salts of the rocks and basal soil. Lastly, the englacial ecosystem is the less studied and the one that contains the smallest number of microorganisms. However, these unknown englacial microorganisms establish a true trophic chain and appear to have an active metabolism. In order to study their metabolic potentials, samples of englacial ice were taken from an Antarctic glacier. The cells were harvested and their proteins were extracted and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF/TOF). Several proteins and enzymes were found that demonstrate the existence of cellular activity at subzero temperatures. In this way it is shown that the englacial microorganisms are not quiescent, but that they maintain an active metabolism and play an important role in the glacial microbial community.