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Project description:<p>The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) has established the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) to collect and analyze cases of severe liver injury caused by prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, and alternative medicines, such as herbal products and supplements.</p>
| phs000663 | dbGaP
Project description:Echinacea, native to the Canadian prairies and the prairie states of the United States, has a long tradition as a folk medicine for the Native Americans. Currently, Echinacea are among the top 10 selling herbal medicines in the U.S. and Europe, due to increasing popularity for the treatment of common cold and ability to stimulate the immune system. However, the genetic relationships within the species of this genus are unclear, which makes difficult the authentication of the species used for the medicinal industry. We report the construction of a novel Subtracted Diversity Array (SDA) for Echinacea species and demonstrate the potential of this array for isolating highly polymorphic sequences.
2013-12-31 | GSE44683 | GEO
Project description:When confronted with non-psychotic mental disorders, pregnant women often refrain from using synthetic drugs. Instead, they resort to well-known herbal medicines (phytopharmaceuticals) such as St. John's wort, California poppy, valerian, lavender, and hops, which have proven sedative, anxiolytic, or antidepressant properties. Nevertheless, these herbal medicines are not officially approved in pregnancy due to lack of safety data. Using a variety of in vitro methods (determination of cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, genotoxicity, effects on metabolic properties, inhibition/induction of differentiation) in a commonly used placental cell line (BeWo b30), we could previously show that extracts from these plants are likely to be safe at usual clinical doses. In the present work, we wanted to deepen our safety assessment of these herbal medicines by (i) looking for possible effects on gene expression and (ii) using the same in vitro methods to characterize effects of selected phytochemicals that might conceivably cause safety issues. Proteomics results were promising as none of the five extracts significantly affected the protein expression by up- or down-regulation. Protopine (contained in California poppy), valerenic acid (in valerian), and linalool (in lavender) were inconspicuous in all experiments and showed no adverse effects. Hyperforin and hypericin (two constituents from St. John's wort) and valtrate (typical for valerian) were the most discernible phytochemicals with respect to the selected safety parameters (cytotoxic and apoptotic effects). A decrease in BeWo b30 viability was evident with hypericin (≥ 1 µM) and valtrate (≥ 10 µM), whereas hyperforin (≥ 3 µM), hypericin (30 µM) and valtrate (≥ 10 µM) induced cell apoptosis. None of the tested phytochemicals resulted in genotoxic effects at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 µM and thus are not DNA damaging. No decrease in glucose consumption or lactate production was observed under the influence of the phytochemicals, except for valtrate (at all concentrations). No compound induced or inhibited BeWo b30 cell differentiation, except for hyperforin (≥ 1 µM) that had an inhibitory effect. This study confirms previous observations suggesting that the extracts from St. John's wort, California poppy, valerian, lavender, and hops are likely to be safe during pregnancy. Attainment of high plasma concentrations of a few relevant compounds – hyperforin and hypericin from St. John's wort and valtrate from valerian – deserves though special attention. Clinical studies during pregnancy are needed to substantiate these in vitro data.
2022-06-27 | PXD031765 | Pride
Project description:Herbal compatibility is the knowledge of which herbs to combine in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations. The lack of understanding of herbal compatibility is one of the key problems for the application and popularization of TCM in western society. Because of the chemical complexity of herbal medicines, it is simpler to begin to conduct compatibility research based on herbs rather than component plant secondary metabolites. We have used transcriptome analysis to explore the effects and interactions of two plant extracts (Kushen and Baituling) combined in Compound Kushen Injection (CKI). Based on shared chemical compounds and in vitro cytotoxicity comparisons, we found that both the major compounds in CKI, and the cytotoxicity effects of CKI were mainly derived from the extract of Kushen (Sophorae flavescentis). We generated and analyzed transcriptome data from MDA-MB-231 cells treated with single-herb extracts or CKI and results showed that Kushen contributed to the perturbation of the majority of cytotoxicity/cancer related pathways in CKI such as cell cycle and DNA replication. We also found that Baituling (Heterosmilax yunnanensis Gagnep) could not only enhance the cytotoxic effects of Kushen in CKI, but also activate immune-related pathways. Our analyses predicted that IL-1[beta] gene expression was upregulated by Baituling in CKI and we confirmed that IL-1[beta] protein expression was increased using an ELISA assay. Altogether, these findings help to explain the rationale for combining Kushen and Baituling in CKI, and show that transcriptome analysis using single herb extracts is an effective method for understanding herbal compatibility in TCM.
2019-08-20 | GSE130358 | GEO
Project description:At present, with the accelerating pace of life, increase in work pressure, lack of exercise, irregularity of diet and rest, and problems of environmental pollution, people with immunodeficiency are gradually increasing in the modern population. Some Chinese herbal medicines can improve the immunity of the human body, and have less and mild side or toxic effects, so that the study on this kind of traditional Chinese medicines and its mechanism has become an urgent problem to be solved. In recent years, studies have shown that Shcisandrol A (Sch A) can regulate immune function and inhibit the inflammation of nervous system. In this study, mRNA expression profile chip was used to screen the differentially expressed genes related to the effect of Sch A on immunodepressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy), and the differentially expressed gene-telated pathways were analyzed by gene ontology function cluster analysis, and finally qPCR was applied to verify the 5 genes that might be related to the regulation of Sch A on the mice’s immune functions, to provide a theoretical basis for screening the drug targets on which Sch A could act to regulate the mice’s immune functions.
2020-04-03 | GSE97316 | GEO
Project description:Echinacea, native to the Canadian prairies and the prairie states of the United States, has a long tradition as a folk medicine for the Native Americans. Currently, Echinacea are among the top 10 selling herbal medicines in the U.S. and Europe, due to increasing popularity for the treatment of common cold and ability to stimulate the immune system. However, the genetic relationships within the species of this genus are unclear, which makes difficult the authentication of the species used for the medicinal industry. We report the construction of a novel Subtracted Diversity Array (SDA) for Echinacea species and demonstrate the potential of this array for isolating highly polymorphic sequences. In order to selectively isolate Echinacea-specific sequences, a Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) was performed between a pool of twenty-four Echinacea genotypes and a pool of other angiosperms and non-angiosperms. A total of 283 subtracted genomic DNA (gDNA) fragments were amplified and arrayed. Twenty-seven Echinacea genotypes, including four that were not used in the array construction, could be successfully discriminated. Interestingly, unknown samples of E. paradoxa and E. purpurea could be unambiguously identified from the cluster analysis. Furthermore, this Echinacea-specific SDA was also able to isolate highly polymorphic sequences. Five out of the eleven most discriminatory features matched to known retrotransposons.
2013-12-31 | E-GEOD-44683 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Dehydroeffusol (DHE) is a rare compound of phenanthrene class isolated from Medulla Junci used in Traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Initial biological evaluation of this compound reveals in vitro and in vivo anticancer ac-tivities. We performed a shotgun proteomic analysis using Orbitrap liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to investigate the changes in the protein profiles in cancer cells upon DHE treatment. DHE affected cancer-associated signaling pathways, including NF-B, β-catenin and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Through quantitative pathway and key-node analysis of the proteomics data, activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) and c-Jun kinase (JNK) were found to be the key components in DHE’s modulated biological pathways. Furthermore, based on the pathway analysis as well as chemical similarity, DHE is predicted to be a phytoestrogen. Our predictions derived from proteomic, bio-informatic and chemoinformatic analyses were validated with individual cell-based experiments. In addition to elucidating the major mechanisms of action of DHE, our study demonstrates an effective workflow for identifying the mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds through shotgun proteomic analysis.
2018-06-05 | PXD009389 | Pride