Project description:We show here the transcriptional response in CMT-93 intestinal epithelial cells treated with Trichuris muris antigen and/or a garlic extract (40% PTSO-PTS).
Project description:We hypothesized that aged garlic extract, and a pure compound from it, FruArg, can repress the genetic response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We applied gene expression profiling to understand the potential mechanisms of the protective effects of AGE and FruArg against LPS stress in BV-2 cells. Gene expression profiling showed that AGE repressed the transcriptome alteration induced by LPS. FruArg, as an active compound in AGE, accounted for AGE's protective effects. These results suggest that AGE and FruArg are capable of alleviating oxidative and neuroinflammatory responses stimulated by LPS in BV-2 cells.
Project description:We show here the transcriptional response in caecum tissue of mice infected with Trichuris muris for 35 days and given either garlic extract treatment or control treatment.
Project description:We present a detailed single cell analysis of the macrophage response to LPS from Salmonella enterica. By combining single cell transcriptional analysis, fluorescently labeled, LPS-coated beads, and cytometry we are able to distinguish the responses of macrophages that have internalized LPS-coated beads and those that have not. Analysis of 96 single macrophages that were either: left untreated, were exposed to but did not internalize uncoated beads, were exposed to and internalized uncoated beads, were exposed to but did not internalize LPS-coated beads, or were exposed to and did internalize LPS-coated beads.
Project description:Among the multiple mechanisms that control the intensity and duration of macrophage activation, the development of a state of refractoriness to a second stimulation in cells treated with LPS has long been recognized. Release of inhibitory cytokines and alterations in intracellular signaling pathways may be involved in the development of LPS tolerance. Although a number of molecules have been implicated, a detailed picture of the molecular changes in LPS tolerance is still missing. We have used a genome-wide gene expression analysis approach to (i) define which fraction of LPS target genes are subject to tolerance induction and (ii) identify genes that are expressed at high levels in tolerant macrophages. Our data show that in LPS tolerant macrophages the vast majority of LPS-induced gene expression is abrogated. The extent of tolerance induction varies for individual genes, and a small subset appears to be excepted. Compared to other negative control mechanisms of macrophages, e.g. IL-10-induced deactivation, LPS-tolerance inhibits a much wider range of transcriptional targets. Some previously described negative regulators of TLR-signaling (e.g. IRAK-M) were confirmed as expressed at higher levels in LPS-tolerant macrophages. In addition, we discuss other potential players in LPS tolerance identified in this group of genes. Experiment Overall Design: Cells were either prestimulated (1_X) or not (0_X) for 18h with 100 ng/ml LPS. Media was exchanged and after 2h rest, cells either restimulated (X_1) or not (X_0) with again 100 ng/ml LPS. This resulted in 4 experimental conditions: 0_0, 0_1, 1_0 and 1_1. There were 3 biological replicates done, resulting in 12 arrays altogether.
Project description:Garlic is a popular flavor enhancer in modern cuisines. Although anti-atherosclerotic, anti-proliferative, hypolipidemic and chemopreventative effects of garlic are known for a long time, the mechanisms of garlic as a dietary supplement ramain largely unknown. We used microarrays to analyze the global programme of gene expression in control (cellulose) and garlic-fed mice and identified erythropoietic and heme biosynthetic genes that could, in part, be responsible for the pleiotropic effects of garlic on health Keywords: diet, garlic