Project description:Miniature pig is a useful animal model to clarify the vital reaction and the molecular mechanisms. However, physiclogical response of pig model to sodium azide (AZIDE) stress is not reveal. To establishment of large animal model for evaluate toxic stress, whole blood of miniature pig were assessed with genomics.
Project description:Miniature pig is a useful animal model to clarify the vital reaction and the molecular mechanisms. However, physiclogical response of pig model to sodium azide (AZIDE) stress is not reveal. To establishment of large animal model for evaluate toxic stress, whole blood of miniature pig were assessed with genomics. 7 month old clawn miniature pigs were fed AZIDE feeding. AZIDE dose of 300µg/kg, one hundredth of LD50 was given orally to the miniature pigs. Whole blood gene expression was measured at 0h, 6h and 24h after feeding.
Project description:Background: Farm exposures in early life reduce the risks for childhood allergic diseases and asthma. There is less information about how farm exposures relate to respiratory illnesses and mucosal immune development. Objective: We hypothesized that children raised in farm environments have a lower incidence of viral illnesses over the first two years of life than non-farm children. We also analyzed between farm exposures or respiratory illnesses were related to patterns of nasal cell gene expression. Methods: The Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort (WISC) birth cohort enrolled farm and non-farm pregnant women from central Wisconsin. Parents reported prenatal farm and other environmental exposures. Illness frequency and severity were assessed using illness diaries and periodic surveys. Nasopharyngeal cell gene expression at age two years was compared to farm exposure and respiratory illness history. Results: There was a higher rate of respiratory illnesses in the non-farm vs. farm group (rate ratio 0.82 [0.69,0.97], p=0.020), but no significant differences in wheezing illnesses. There was a stepwise reduction in rates of respiratory illnesses in children exposed at least weekly to 0, 1, or ≥2 animals (p=0.006). In analyzing nasal cell gene expression, farm exposures and preceding respiratory illnesses were positively related to gene signatures for mononuclear cells and innate and antimicrobial responses. Conclusions: Children exposed to farms and farm animals had lower rates of respiratory illnesses over the first two years of life. Both farm exposures and preceding respiratory illnesses were associated with increased innate immune responses, suggesting that these exposures stimulate mucosal immune responses to reduce subsequent illness frequency.