Dataset Information

Near complete quantitative proteomics for Yeast

ABSTRACT: In this study, we attempted to achieve to date the most comprehensive coverage of the yeast proteome during log-phase growth and in the K11R mutant ubiquitin yeast strain with a combination of (1) extensive gel molecular weight fractionation and use of either of two digestion enzymes to improve coverage by addressing the issue of dynamic range via decreased sample complexity, (2) use of a more sensitive and faster LC-MS/MS platform than available for many of the previous experiments (Orbitrap Velos coupled to a nanoAcquity UPLC). By this approach, we identified with high confidence a new fungal conserved gene expressed in S. cerevisiae and achieved the highest coverage of the yeast proteome (83.5%) to date. Besides that, we also extended our experimental workflow incorporating the same advantages to identify and quantify proteins in a K11R/reference SILAC/control total yeast lysate mixture.

INSTRUMENT(S): LTQ Orbitrap Velos

ORGANISM(S): Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (baker's Yeast)

TISSUE(S): Cell Culture, Haploid Cell

SUBMITTER: Zhang Chengpu Zhang Chengpu

LAB HEAD: Ping Xu

PROVIDER: PXD001928 | Pride | 2019-08-26

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Publications

Mass-Spectrometry-Based Near-Complete Draft of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Proteome.

Gao Yuan Y Ping Lingyan L Duong Duc D Zhang Chengpu C Dammer Eric B EB Li Yanchang Y Chen Peiru P Chang Lei L Gao Huiying H Wu Junzhu J Xu Ping P

Journal of proteome research 20210114 2

Proteomics approaches designed to catalogue all open reading frames (ORFs) under a defined set of growth conditions of an organism have flourished in recent years. However, no proteome has been sequenced completely so far. Here, we generate the largest yeast proteome data set, including 5610 identified proteins, using a strategy based on optimized sample preparation and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Among the 5610 identified proteins, 94.1% are core proteins, which achieves near-complete co ...[more]

PMID: 33443437

Publication: 1/2

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Project description:Yeast remains an important model for systems biology and for evaluating proteomics strategies. In-depth shotgun proteomics studies have reached nearly comprehensive coverage, and rapid, targeted approaches have been developed for this organism. Recently, we demonstrated that single LC-MS/MS analysis using long columns and gradients coupled to a linear ion trap Orbitrap instrument had an unexpectedly large dynamic range of protein identification (Thakur, S. S., Geiger, T., Chatterjee, B., Bandilla, P., Frohlich, F., Cox, J., and Mann, M. (2011) Deep and highly sensitive proteome coverage by LC-MS/MS without prefractionation. Mol. Cell Proteomics 10, 10.1074/mcp.M110.003699). Here we couple an ultra high pressure liquid chromatography system to a novel bench top Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Q Exactive) with the goal of nearly complete, rapid, and robust analysis of the yeast proteome. Single runs of filter-aided sample preparation (FASP)-prepared and LysC-digested yeast cell lysates identified an average of 3923 proteins. Combined analysis of six single runs improved these values to more than 4000 identified proteins/run, close to the total number of proteins expressed under standard conditions, with median sequence coverage of 23%. Because of the absence of fractionation steps, only minuscule amounts of sample are required. Thus the yeast model proteome can now largely be covered within a few hours of measurement time and at high sensitivity. Median coverage of proteins in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways with at least 10 members was 88%, and pathways not covered were not expected to be active under the conditions used. To study perturbations of the yeast proteome, we developed an external, heavy lysine-labeled SILAC yeast standard representing different proteome states. This spike-in standard was employed to measure the heat shock response of the yeast proteome. Bioinformatic analysis of the heat shock response revealed that translation-related functions were down-regulated prominently, including nucleolar processes. Conversely, stress-related pathways were up-regulated. The proteomic technology described here is straightforward, rapid, and robust, potentially enabling widespread use in the yeast and other biological research communities. Data analysis: The raw files were processed using MaxQuant version 1.2.0.34. The fragmentation spectra were searched against the yeast ORF database (release date of February 3, 2011; 6752 entries) using the Andromeda search engine with the initial precursor and fragment mass tolerances set to 7 and 20 ppm, respectively, and with up to two missed cleavages. Carabamidomethlyation of cysteine was set as a fixed modification, and oxidation of methionine and protein N-terminal acetylation were chosen as variable modifications for database searching. Both peptide and protein identifications were filtered at 1% false discovery rate and thus were not dependent on the peptide score. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the Perseus tools available in the MaxQuant environment.

Project description:Wild type yeast cells were metabolically labeled in SILAC medium. The heavy (H)-SILAC-labeled cells were then continuously exposed to 0.01% MMS to induce replication stress, and the light (L)-SILAC-labeled cells were mock-exposed. After 3 hours, heavy and light cells were harvested and lysed. To ensure reproducibility, the entire experiment was repeated, and the labels were swapped such that the (L)-SILAC-labeled wild type yeast cells were exposed to 0.01% MMS for 3 hours, and the (H)-SILAC-labeled wild type yeast cells were mock-exposed. Lysates from heavy and light cells were mixed 1:1 by protein mass, reduced and treated with iodoacetamide and then digested with trypsin. 5 mg of each protein lysate was fractionated by high-pH reverse phase (RP) liquid chromatography into 12 samples. For proteome analysis, 2% of each fraction was dried down and re-suspended for LC-MS/MS analysis. The remaining 98% was processed to enrich for phosphopeptides using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), dried down, and re-suspended in 0.1% FA, 3% ACN for LC-MS/MS analysis. Global and phosphopeptide-enriched samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS on a Thermo LTQ-Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer. Raw MS/MS spectra were searched against version 3.69 of the Yeast International Protein Index (IPI) sequence database using three independent search engines (MaxQuant/Andromeda, Spectrum Mill, and xTandem). All searches were performed with the tryptic enzyme constraint set for up to two missed cleavages, oxidized methionine set as a variable modification, and carbamidomethylated cysteine set as a static modification. For MaxQuant, the peptide MH+ mass tolerances were set at 20 ppm. For X!Tandem, the peptide MH+ mass tolerances were set at ±2.0 Da with post-search filtering of the precursor mass to 50 ppm and the fragment MH+ mass tolerances were set at ±0.5 Da. For Spectrum Mill, peptide MH+ mass tolerances were set at 20 ppm and fragment MH+ mass tolerances were set at ±0.7 Da. The overall FDR was set at ≤3% based on a decoy database search. Phosphosite localization probabilities are reported in the MaxQuant results. Any site with a probability greater than 0.8 was considered to be localized. Quantification of the Heavy:Light ratios was performed using MaxQuant software, with a minimum ratio count of 2 and using unique + razor peptides for quantification.

Project description:Studies using yeast have advanced our understanding of both replicative and chronological aging, leading to the discovery of longevity genes that have homologues in higher eukaryotes. Chronological lifespan in yeast is conventionally defined as the lifespan of a non-dividing cell. To date, this parameter has only been estimated under calorically restricted (CR) conditions, mimicked by starvation. Since post-mitotic cells in higher eukaryotes are rarely calorically-restricted, we sought to develop an alternative experimental system where non-dividing yeast would age chronologically, in the presence of excess nutrients. We report here on a system wherein alginate-encapsulated yeast are packed in a pH- and temperature-controlled bioreactor, then continuously fed non-limiting substrate for extended periods of time. We present demographic, physiological and genomic evidence indicating that after ~120 hrs, immobilized cells cease dividing, remain metabolically very active and retain >95% viability for periods of 17 days. Over the same time interval, starved planktonic cells, cultured using the same media, and also controlled for temperature and pH, retained < 1 % viability in both aerobic and anaerobic cultures,. Unlike planktonic yeast, continuously-fed immobilized cells hyper-accumulate glycogen. FACS analysis of SYTOX green-stained yeast confirms that immobilized cells completely arrest within 5 days of culture, and unlike starving planktonic cells, remain free thereafter of replicative stress and are non-apoptotic. This unusual state is supported by a global gene expression profile that is stable over time, repeatable across replicate experiments, and altogether distinct from planktonic cells cultured in the presence and absence of limiting nutrients. DNA expression profiling, performed here for the very first time on immobilized cells, reveals that glycolytic genes and their trans-acting regulatory elements are upregulated, as are genes involved in remodeling the cell wall and resisting stress; by contrast, many genes that promote cell cycle progression and carry out oxidative metabolism are repressed. Stress resistance transcription factor MSN4 and its upstream effector RIM15 are conspicuously upregulated in the immobilized state, suggesting that nutrient-sensing pathways may play a role in cell viability and longevity when yeast are immobilized and placed in prolonged culture under calorically-unrestricted conditions. The cell cycle arrest in the immobilized state is mediated by RIM 15. Over the time-course of our experiments, well-fed, non-diving immobilized cells do not appear to age. Keywords: comparison of growth states and a time course of immobilized cells Nine growth conditions or time points with two to four replicates each

Dataset Information

Near complete quantitative proteomics for Yeast

Publications

Mass-Spectrometry-Based Near-Complete Draft of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Proteome.

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