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Comparison of SPEED, S-Trap, and In-Solution based sample preparation methods for tandem mass spectrometry

ABSTRACT: Bottom-up proteomic analyses rely on efficient protein extraction from tissue and proteolysis into peptides for mass spectrometry. Commonly used detergent-based strategies aid cell lysis and protein solubilization but are poorly compatible with downstream protein digestion and liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry. Consequently, additional sample purification and buffer exchange steps are required, which are time-consuming and introduce additional technical variability. This study provides the first direct quantitative comparison of two well-established detergent-based methods for protein extraction and solubilization (In-solution and suspension trapping, S-Trap) with the recently developed Sample Preparation by Easy Extraction and Digestion (SPEED) method, which uses a strong acid for denaturation. Identification rates and quantitative performance of each method were compared with data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and label-free SWATH-MS (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra) in both sheep kidney cortical tissue and plasma. In kidney tissue, SPEED outperformed In-solution and S-Trap by quantifying the highest number of unique proteins (SPEED 1,250; S-Trap 1,202; In-solution 1,197) and displayed the most efficient proteolysis (SPEED 93.8% of peptides fully tryptic in DDA; S-Trap 88.5%; In-solution 87.3%). In plasma, S-Trap produced the most unique protein quantifications (S-Trap 151; In-solution 148; SPEED 138), indicating it may be the optimal method for this biofluid. Protein quantifications were reproducible across biological replicates in both tissue (R2 from 0.85 to 0.90), and in plasma (SPEED R2=0.84; In-solution R2=0.76, S-Trap R2=0.65). Our data suggest SPEED as the optimal method for proteomic preparation in kidney tissue and S-Trap or SPEED as the optimal method for plasma, depending on whether a higher number of protein quantifications or greater reproducibility is desired.

INSTRUMENT(S): TripleTOF 5600

ORGANISM(S): Ovis Aries

TISSUE(S): Blood Plasma, Kidney

SUBMITTER: Evie Templeton

LAB HEAD: Victoria Ann Cameron

PROVIDER: PXD030796 | Pride | 2023-03-30

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Project description:The current state of proteomics requires a choice between targeted and discovery methods. The former provides exceptional quantitation and data completeness, but only with few analytes. Discovery proteomics can identify hundreds and thousands of proteins in a sample, but with poor quantitation and data completeness. We have established and optimized a method that combines targeted and data-independent acquisition for absolute quantitation of all plasma proteins in a single sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ions (SWATH) acquisition run using a panel of spike-in standards (SIS). We compared the absolute quantitation (AQ) of SWATH and high-resolution multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM-HR) acquisition methods using the 100 protein PlasmaDive SIS panel spiked into human plasma. SWATH provided equivalent quantitation and differentially abundant protein profiles as MRM-HR. Absolute quantities of the SIS peptides from the SWATH data were used to estimate the absolute quantities (eAQ) for all the proteins in the run. The eAQ values provided similar quantitation and differentially abundant protein profiles as AQ and protein group (PG) values, and the eAQ method was the only scheme where all selected proteins were verified by MRM-HR. We applied the eAQ method to a cohort of 16 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving immunotherapeutics and found that fibronectin (FN1) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) were useful markers for predicting patients who would stay on these agents for at least 6 months (area under the curve of 0.8438 and 0.6735, respectively). Thirteen additional plasma samples confirmed that FN1 and PRG4 are putative biomarkers (positive predictive value is 100% and 85.7%, respectively) for a prolonged (>6 months) response to immunotherapeutic agents. In conclusion, we describe an optimized method for absolute quantification of all proteins in a SWATH run, and this approach is amenable for the identification of plasma biomarkers.

Dataset Information

Comparison of SPEED, S-Trap, and In-Solution based sample preparation methods for tandem mass spectrometry

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