Dataset Information

High-Resolution Proteomics Unveils Salivary Gland Disruption and Saliva-Hemolymph Protein Exchange in Plasmodium-Infected Mosquitoes

ABSTRACT: Plasmodium sporozoites, the stage that initiates a malaria infection, must invade the mosquito salivary glands before transmitting to a vertebrate host. However, the effects of sporozoite invasion on salivary gland physiology and saliva composition remain largely unexplored. We examined the impact of Plasmodium infection on Anopheles gambiae salivary glands using high-resolution proteomics, gene expression, and morphological analysis. The data revealed differential expression of various proteins, including the enrichment of humoral proteins in infected salivary glands originating from the hemolymph. These proteins diffused into the SGs due to structural damage caused by the sporozoites during invasion. Conversely, saliva proteins diffused out into the circulation of infected mosquitoes. Moreover, infection altered saliva protein composition, as shown by proteomes from saliva collected from mosquitoes infected by P. berghei or P. falciparum, revealing a significant reduction of immune proteins compared to uninfected mosquitoes. This reduction is likely due to the association of these proteins with the surface of sporozoites within the mosquito salivary secretory cavities. The saliva protein profiles from mosquitoes infected with both Plasmodium species were remarkably similar, suggesting a conserved interaction between sporozoites and salivary glands. Our results provide a foundation for understanding the molecular interactions between Plasmodium sporozoites and mosquito salivary glands.

INSTRUMENT(S):

ORGANISM(S): Plasmodium Berghei Anka Anopheles Gambiae Str. Pest

TISSUE(S): Salivary Gland

SUBMITTER: Thiago Silva

LAB HEAD: Joel Vega Rodriguez

PROVIDER: PXD057628 | Pride | 2025-12-01

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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High-resolution proteomics unveils salivary gland disruption and saliva-hemolymph protein exchange in Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes.

Alves E Silva Thiago Luiz TL Kanatani Sachi S Barletta Ferreira Ana Beatriz AB Schwartz Cindi L CL Liffner Benjamin B Talyuli Octavio A C OAC Olivas Janet J Nagata Bianca M BM Pala Zarna Rajeshkumar ZR Pascini Tales T Alves Derron A DA Zhao Ming M Suzuki Motoshi M Dorner Lilian P LP Frischknecht Friedrich F Coppens Isabelle I Barillas-Mury Carolina C Absalon Sabrina S Ribeiro Jose M C JMC Sinnis Photini P Vega-Rodriguez Joel J

Nature communications 20251120 1

Plasmodium sporozoites, the infective stage of malaria, must invade the mosquito salivary glands (SGs) before being transmitted to a vertebrate host. However, the physiological and biochemical effects of this invasion remain largely unexplored. We examined the impact of Plasmodium infection on Anopheles gambiae salivary glands using high-resolution proteomics, gene expression, and morphological analysis. The data reveal differential expression of various proteins, including the enrichment of hem ...[more]

PMID: 41266344

Similar Datasets

Project description:Although the salivary transcriptome of adult mosquitoes has been thoroughly described in several recent papers, very little information exists regarding the biological role of larval salivary glands in the Culicidae. We used whole-transcriptome AffymetrixÂ® chips to compare the transcriptional profiles of Anopheles gambiae larval (L4) salivary glands and whole larvae. We identified a total of 277 transcripts as being significantly enriched in the salivary glands. Based on available annotation for the known or predicted protein sequences encoded by these transcripts, 41 were identified as corresponding to secreted proteins, 233 as corresponding to non-secreted (housekeeping) proteins, and 3 as encoding proteins of unknown function. Based on functional annotation of the putatively secreted gene products, we propose that larval salivary secretions have roles in nutrient digestion, detoxification, immunity, and mouthpart lubrication. Interestingly, several components of the larval saliva (e.g. apyrase and serine proteases) have also been reported to exist in adult female saliva, where they are though to help regulate a vertebrate hostâs immune response to bloodfeeding. In conclusion, our results suggest that the salivary glands are important components of both the digestive and immune systems of larval mosquitoes, and that their study might provide clues about the evolution of adaptations to bloodfeeding observed in adults. Experiment Overall Design: We attempted to identify transcripts that are both present and significantly enriched in the salivary glands (SG) of the 4th instar Anopheles gambiae larva. Transcripts were considered as present in the SG if the built-in Affymetrix detection call scored them as such in all three biological replicates of the experiment. Expression values (i.e. signal intensities) of transcripts from the salivary glands were compared to those of a matching group of whole 4th instar larvae using a t-test. Transcripts showing an expression value two-fold or higher (p < 0.01; false discovery rate=1%) in the SG as compared to whole larvae were considered to be significantly enriched.

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