Dataset Information

High-Resolution Proteomics Unveils Salivary Gland Disruption and Saliva-Hemolymph Protein Exchange in Plasmodium-Infected Mosquitoes

ABSTRACT: Plasmodium sporozoites, the stage that initiates a malaria infection, must invade the mosquito salivary glands before transmitting to a vertebrate host. However, the effects of sporozoite invasion on salivary gland physiology and saliva composition remain largely unexplored. We examined the impact of Plasmodium infection on Anopheles gambiae salivary glands using high-resolution proteomics, gene expression, and morphological analysis. The data revealed differential expression of various proteins, including the enrichment of humoral proteins in infected salivary glands originating from the hemolymph. These proteins diffused into the SGs due to structural damage caused by the sporozoites during invasion. Conversely, saliva proteins diffused out into the circulation of infected mosquitoes. Moreover, infection altered saliva protein composition, as shown by proteomes from saliva collected from mosquitoes infected by P. berghei or P. falciparum, revealing a significant reduction of immune proteins compared to uninfected mosquitoes. This reduction is likely due to the association of these proteins with the surface of sporozoites within the mosquito salivary secretory cavities. The saliva protein profiles from mosquitoes infected with both Plasmodium species were remarkably similar, suggesting a conserved interaction between sporozoites and salivary glands. Our results provide a foundation for understanding the molecular interactions between Plasmodium sporozoites and mosquito salivary glands.

INSTRUMENT(S):

ORGANISM(S): Plasmodium Berghei Anka Anopheles Gambiae Str. Pest

TISSUE(S): Hemolymph

SUBMITTER: Thiago Silva

LAB HEAD: Joel Vega Rodriguez

PROVIDER: PXD057585 | Pride | 2025-12-01

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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High-resolution proteomics unveils salivary gland disruption and saliva-hemolymph protein exchange in Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes.

Alves E Silva Thiago Luiz TL Kanatani Sachi S Barletta Ferreira Ana Beatriz AB Schwartz Cindi L CL Liffner Benjamin B Talyuli Octavio A C OAC Olivas Janet J Nagata Bianca M BM Pala Zarna Rajeshkumar ZR Pascini Tales T Alves Derron A DA Zhao Ming M Suzuki Motoshi M Dorner Lilian P LP Frischknecht Friedrich F Coppens Isabelle I Barillas-Mury Carolina C Absalon Sabrina S Ribeiro Jose M C JMC Sinnis Photini P Vega-Rodriguez Joel J

Nature communications 20251120 1

Plasmodium sporozoites, the infective stage of malaria, must invade the mosquito salivary glands (SGs) before being transmitted to a vertebrate host. However, the physiological and biochemical effects of this invasion remain largely unexplored. We examined the impact of Plasmodium infection on Anopheles gambiae salivary glands using high-resolution proteomics, gene expression, and morphological analysis. The data reveal differential expression of various proteins, including the enrichment of hem ...[more]

PMID: 41266344

Similar Datasets

Project description:Simultaneous analysis of Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles gambiae gene expression: an assessment of parasite maturation and of the mosquito response to infection. Malaria is probably the most lethal and most prevalent parasitic disease in the world, causing more than one million deaths per year. In spite of intensive research, no vaccine exists and good vaccine candidates are still a necessity. Plasmodium sporozoites from mosquito midguts are not as infective as those from salivary glands, presenting a different type of motility which is presumably associated with their invasive capacity. It is assumed that these differences are due to maturation of sporozoites, which happens either in the salivary glands or somewhere along the way from the midgut to the glands. Indeed, the invasion of the salivary gland is considered to be an essential step for malaria transmission to the host and it is known to causes expression of multiple genes in the parasite and activation of some immune-response genes in the insect. Here we compared the gene expression profile of P. falciparum parasites from midgut and salivary glands in order to search for genes involved in parasite maturation; on the assumption that any differentially expressed genes found under this condition could be potentially related to the higher infectivity of the salivary gland derived sporozoites and therefore would be potentially good vaccine candidates. Also, because very little is known about mosquito genes involved in the response to Plasmodium, we compared the gene expression profile of infected and uninfected midguts and salivary glands. Our results demonstrate that, upon infection, at least 13 genes are differentially expressed in the mosquito midgut and 43 in the salivary gland. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that among other things, in mosquito salivary glands, infection causes multiple genes related to chitin metabolism to be differentially expressed. Also and more importantly, at least 54 genes were differentially expressed in P. falciparum from salivary glands in comparison to midgut (19 down-regulated and 35 up-regulated). Last, we show for the first time that P. falciparum causes multiple genes in the salivary gland to be regulated and that some of those genes could be potentially beneficial to the parasite.

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