Project description:Pathogenic COPA variants cause a Mendelian syndrome of immune dysregulation with elevated type I interferon signaling. Given the importance of COPA in Golgi-ER transport, we speculated that type I interferon signaling in COPA syndrome involves missorting of STING. Here we show that a defect in COPI transport due to mutant COPA causes ligand-independent activation of STING. Activated STING stimulates type I interferon driven inflammation in CopaE241K/+ mice. Our results demonstrate that activated STING contributes to immune dysregulation in COPA syndrome and may be a new molecular target in treating the disease.
Project description:To investigate the function of COPA in the regulation of anti-tumor immunity, we generated Copa-knockdown (shCopa) and control (shCon) AY-mICC cells for RNA-seq
Project description:Copper is essential for both innate and adaptive immune function and copper resistance has emerged as an important determinant of virulence of microbial pathogens. In the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), cytoplasmic copper resistance is mediated by an operon encoding the copper-responsive repressor CopY, CupA, of unknown function, and CopA, a copper effluxing P1B-type ATPase. We show that CupA is a novel cell membrane-anchored Cu(I) chaperone for CopA, and that a Cu(I)-binding competent, membrane-localized CupA, like CopA, is obligatory for copper resistance.
Project description:RNA Polymerase II transcribes protein-coding and many non-coding RNA genes in eukaryotes. The largest subunit of RNA Polymerase II, Rpb1, contains a hepta-peptide repeat on its C-terminal tail with three potential phosphorylation sites (Serine 2, Serine 5 and Serine 7). Mammalian Rpb1 contains 52 repeats. The phosphorylation events are catalyzed by specific protein kinases where the phosphorylation of specific residues is coupled to the transcription cycle. For example, the Cdk7 subunit of TFIIH phosphorylates both Serine 5 and Serine 7 during intiation and the Cdk9 subunit of P-TEFb phosphorylates Serine 2 during the transition into productive elongation. The dataset presented here is the genome-wide distribution of RNA Pol II with Serine 7 of the CTD phosphorylated in murine embryonic stem cells. This data, in addition to phospho-specific datasets generated in the same cell type in Rahl et al. Cell 2010 and Seila et al. Science 2008, represents the genome-wide distribution of multiple RNA Pol II isoforms in murine embryonic stem cells: total Pol II, hypophosphorylated CTD Pol II, Serine 2 phosphorylated CTD Pol II, Serine 5 phosphorylated CTD Pol II and Serine 7 phosphorylated CTD Pol II. An antibody specific to RNA Pol II Serine 7 phosphorylated CTD (gift of Dirk Eick; Chapman et al. Science 2008) was used to enrich for DNA fragments associated with this Pol II isoform in murine embryonic stem cells. DNA was purified and prepared for Illumina/Solexa sequencing following their standard protocol. This is a single dataset but together with datasets from Rahl et al. Cell 2010 and Seila et al. Science 2008, these datasets represent the genome-wide distribution of multiple RNA Pol II isoforms in murine embryonic stem cells: total Pol II, hypophosphorylated CTD Pol II, Serine 2 phosphorylated CTD Pol II, Serine 5 phosphorylated CTD Pol II and Serine 7 phosphorylated CTD Pol II.
Project description:Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family aberrations are common in urothelial cancer. The FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erdafitinib has been approved for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer with FGFR2/3 alterations. Despite the initial efficacy of erdafitinib, resistance cannot be avoided. The molecular mechanism of erdafitinib resistance has not been well investigated. Here, we performed genome-wide CRISPR screen and identified coatomer protein complex subunit α (COPA) as a key target to enhance erdafitinib sensitivity. Functionally, the deficiency of COPA reduced the proliferation of FGFR-altered bladder cancer cells upon erdafitinib treatment. Mechanistically, COPA knockout increased LRPPRC protein degradation, leading to reduced ID3 mRNA stability in an m6A-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel mechanism of erdafitinib resistance, providing a potential therapeutic target for FGFR-altered bladder cancer.
Project description:The C-terminal domain of RPB1 (CTD) orchestrates transcription by recruiting regulators to RNA Pol II upon phosphorylation. Recent insights highlight CTD’s pivotal role in driving condensate formation on gene loci. Yet, the molecular mechanism behind how CTD-mediated recruitment of transcriptional regulators influences condensates formation remains unclear. Our study unveils that phosphorylation reversibly dissolves phase separation induced by the unphosphorylated CTD. Phosphorylated CTD, upon specific association with transcription regulatory proteins, forms distinct condensates from unphosphorylated CTD. Function studies demonstrate CTD variants with diverse condensation properties in vitro exhibit difference in promoter binding and mRNA co-processing in cells. Notably, varying CTD lengths lead to alternative splicing outcomes impacting cellular growth, linking the evolution of CTD variation/length with the complexity of splicing from yeast to human. These findings provide compelling evidence for a model wherein post-translational modification enables the transition of functionally specialized condensates, highlighting a co-evolution link between CTD condensation and splicing.
Project description:High levels of copper are toxic and therefore bacteria must limit free intracellular levels to prevent cellular damage. In this study, we show that a number of pneumococcal genes are differentially regulated by copper, including an operon encoding a CopY regulator, a protein of unknown function (CupA) and a P1-type ATPase, CopA, which is conserved in all sequenced Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that the cop operon is induced by copper in vitro, repressed by the addition of zinc and is autoregulated by the copper-responsive CopY repressor protein. We also demonstrate that the CopA ATPase is a major pneumococcal copper resistance mechanism and provide the first evidence that the CupA protein plays a role in copper resistance. Our results also show that copper homeostasis is important for pneumococcal virulence as the expression of the cop operon is induced in the lungs and nasopharynx of intranasally infected mice, and a copA(-) mutant strain, which had decreased growth in high levels of copper in vitro, showed reduced virulence in a mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia. Furthermore, using the copA(-) mutant we observed for the first time in any bacteria that copper homeostasis also appears to be required for survival in the nasopharynx. This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Project description:The RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) consists of conserved repeats of the consensus sequence Y1-S2-P3-T4-S5-P6-S7, which can be phosphorylated to influence distinct stages of the transcription cycle, including RNA processing. Although affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry has defined CTD-associated proteins, phospho-dependent CTD interactions have remained largely elusive. Proximity-dependent biotinylation (PDB) provides an alternative approach to identify protein-protein associations in the native cellular environment. Here we present a PDB-based map of the fission yeast RNAPII CTD in live cells. The proteomic screen identified known CTD-associated proteins, but also captured new and unexpected CTD proximal proteins. We also used PDB to identify phospho-dependent CTD interactions by using a mutant in which Ser2 was replaced by alanine in every repeat of the fission yeast CTD. Surprisingly, CTD-mediated biotinylation of most 3’ end processing factors was not affected in the S2A mutant, consistent with RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis indicating that CTD Ser2 phosphorylation is not required for 3’ end processing and transcription termination. Conversely, we found that CTD Ser2 phosphorylation is critical for the association between RNAPII and the histone methyltransferase Set2 during transcription elongation. We show that loss of CTD Ser2 phosphorylation disables the Set2-Clr6(II) axis, resulting in a global increase in cryptic antisense transcription that correlates with elevated levels of histone acetylation in gene bodies. Our findings reveal that the fundamental role of CTD Ser2 phosphorylation is to establish a chromatin-based repressive state that prevents cryptic intragenic transcription initiation.
Project description:Dynamic post-translational modification of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) coordinates the co-transcriptional recruitment of enzymatic complexes that regulate chromatin states and co-transcriptional processing of nascent RNA. Extensive phosphorylation of serine residues occurs at the structurally-disordered C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest RNAPII subunit, which is composed of multiple heptapeptide repeats with consensus sequence Y1-S2-P3-T4-S5-P6-S7. Serine-5 and Serine-7 phosphorylation mark transcription initiation, whereas Serine-2 phosphorylation coincides with productive elongation. In vertebrates, the CTD has eight non-canonical substitutions of Serine-7 into Lysine-7, which can be acetylated (K7ac). Here, we describe for the first time mono- and di-methylation of CTD Lysine-7 residues (K7me1 and K7me2). K7me1 and K7me2 are observed during the earliest transcription stages and precede or accompany Serine-5 and Serine-7 phosphorylation. Genome wide mapping of 2 novel RNAPII post-translational modifications (CTD-K7me1 and CTD-K7me2) in mouse ES cells.
Project description:The protein Seb1 from fission yeast contains a conserved CTD-interacting domain (CID) with which it can bind to phosphorylated forms of the Pol II C-terminal domain (CTD) during active transcription. It mainly interacts with Ser2P-CTD but also with Ser5P-CTD. Here, we show the recruitment profile of the protein to chromatin using ChIP-Seq which is mediated mainly via binding to the Pol II-CTD. In addition, it can also interact with nascent RNA via its RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain.